Acknowledgments

Publisher's Note

Introduction

Volume 1: A–N

Abbott, Grace (1878-1939)

Abel, Hazel Pearl Hempel (1888-1966)

Abolitionist Movement, Women in the

Abortion

Abzug, Bella Savitzky (1920-1998)

Achtenberg, Roberta (b. 1950)

Adams, Abigail Smith (1744-1818)

Adams, Alma (b. 1946)

Adams, Annette Abbott (1877-1956)

Adams, Sandra (Sandy) (b. 1956)

Addams, Jane (1860-1935)

Addington, Julia C. (1829-1875)

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (1923)

Adkins, Bertha Sheppard (1906-1983)

Affirmative Action

Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)

Albright, Madeleine Jana Korbel (b. 1937)

Alexander, Sadie Tanner Mosell (1898-1989)

Allen, Maryon Pittman (1925-2018)

Allred, Gloria Rachel Bloom (b. 1941)

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incoporated®

Alpha Suffrage Club

Alvarez, Aida (b. 1949)

American Association of University Women, The

American Civil Liberties Union

American Life League, Inc.

American Woman Suffrage Association

American Women Presidents

Ames, Jessie Harriet Daniel (1883-1972)

Anderson, Amalia (b. 1974)

Anderson, Eugenie Moore (1909-1997)

Anderson, Marian (1897-1993)

Anderson, Mary (1872-1964)

Andrews, (Leslie) Elizabeth Bullock (1911-2002)

Angelou, Maya (1928-2014)

Anthony, Susan Brownell (1820-1906)

Anti-lynching Movement

Armstrong, Anne Legendre (1927-2008)

Ashbrook, (Emily) Jean Spencer (b. 1934)

Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching

Atkinson, Ti-Grace (b. 1939)

Avery, Byllye Yvonne Reddick (b. 1937)

Axne, Cynthia (b.1965)

Ayotte, Kelly (b. 1968)

Baca, Pauline Celia (Polly) (b. 1941)

Bachmann, Michele (b. 1956)

Bachur v. Democratic National Committee (1987)

Baker, Ella Josephine (1903-1986)

Baker, Irene Bailey (1901-1994)

Balch, Emily Greene (1867-1961)

Baldwin, Tammy (b. 1962)

Bañuelos, Romana Acosta (1925-2018)

Barnard, Catherine (Kate) Ann (1875-1930)

Barnes, Melody C. (b. 1964)

Barragán, Nannette Diaz (b. 1976)

Barshefsky, Charlene (b. 1950)

Bass, Charlotta Amanda Spears (1880-1969)

Bass, Karen (b. 1953)

Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson (1920-1999)

Beal v. Doe (1977)

Bean, Melissa Luburich (b. 1962)

Beatty, Joyce (b. 1950)

Beauvoir, Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de (1908-1986)

Bellamy, Carol (b. 1942)

Bellotti v. Baird (1976, 1979)

Belmont, Alva Erskine Smith Vanderbilt (1853-1933)

Benjamin, Medea (b. 1952)

Benjamin, Regina (b. 1956)

Bentley, Helen Delich (1923-2016)

Berkley, Shelley (b. 1951)

Berry, Mary Frances (b. 1938)

Bethune, Mary Jane McLeod (1875-1955)

Biggert, Judith Borg (b. 1937)

Black Lives Matter

Black Women’s Health Imperative

Black, Diane (b. 1951)

Blackburn, Marsha Wedgeworth (b.1952)

Blackmun, Harry Andrew (1908-1999)

Blackwell, Alice Stone (1857-1950)

Blades, Joan (b. 1956)

Blair, Emily Newell (1877-1951)

Blanco, Kathleen Babineaux (b. 1942)

Blatch, Harriot Eaton Stanton (1856-1940)

Blitch, Iris Faircloth (1912-1993)

Bloomer, Amelia Jenks (1818-1894)

Bloor, Ella Reeve Ware Cohen Omholt (Mother Bloor) (1862-1951)

Blunt Rochester, Lisa (B. 1962)

Boggs, Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne (Lindy) (1916-2013)

Boland, Veronica Grace (1899-1982)

Bolin, Jane Matilda (1908-2007)

Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham (1885-1977)

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

Bonamici, Suzanne (b. 1954)

Bonney, Mary Lucinda (1816-1900)

Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons (aka Zitkala-äa, or Red Bird) (1876-1938)

Bono, Mary (b. 1961)

Bordallo, Madeleine Mary Zeien (b. 1933)

Bosone, Reva Zilpha Beck (1895-1983)

Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company (1969)

Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

Bowring, Eva Kelly (1892-1985)

Boxer, Barbara Levy (b. 1940)

Boyda, Nancy (b. 1955)

Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)

Bradwell, Myra Colby (1831-1894)

Brady, Sarah Jane Kemp (1942-2015)

Bravo, Ellen (b. 1944)

Bray v. Alexandria Clinic (1993)

Brazile, Donna Lease (b. 1959)

Brent, Margaret (ca. 1607-ca. 1671)

Brewer, Janice Kay (b. 1944)

Brooks, Susan (b. 1960)

Brown, Corrine (b. 1946)

Brown, Elaine (b. 1943)

Brown, Judie (b. 1944)

Brown, Kate (b. 1960)

Brown, Rita Mae (b. 1944)

Browner, Carol (b. 1955)

Brownley, Julia (b. 1952)

Brown-Waite, Virginia (Ginny) (b.1943)

Buchanan, Vera Daerr (1902-1955)

Burdick, Jocelyn Birch (b. 1922)

Burke, Perle Yvonne Watson Brathwaite (b. 1932)

Burke, Tarana (b. 1973)

Burlington Industries v. Ellerth (1998)

Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White (2006)

Burton, Sala Galante (1925-1987)

Burwell, Sylvia Matthews (b. 1965)

Bush, Barbara Pierce (1925-2018)

Bush, Laura Welch (b. 1946)

Bushfield, Vera Cahalan (1889-1976)

Business and Professional Women/USA

Business and Professional Women’s Foundation

Bustos, Cheri (b. 1961)

Byrne, Leslie Larkin (b. 1946)

Byrne, Jane Margaret Burke (1934-2014)

Byron, Beverly Barton Butcher (b. 1932)

Byron, Katharine Edgar (1903-1976)

Cabinets, Women in Presidential

Cable Acts

Cahill, Mary Beth (b. 1954)

Califano v. Westcott (1979)

Calderón, Sila María (b. 1942)

Caldicott, Helen Broinowski (b. 1938)

Califano v. Goldfarb (1977)

California Federal Savings and Loan v. Guerra (1987)

Cammermeyer, Margarethe (b. 1942)

Campbell, Bonnie Jean Pierce (b. 1948)

Cantwell, Maria (b. 1958)

Capito, Shelley Moore (b. 1953)

Capps, Lois (b. 1938)

Caraway, Hattie Ophelia Wyatt (1878-1950)

Carey v. Population Services International (1977)

Carlson, Margaret Mary Bresnahan (b. ca. 1945)

Carnahan, Jean Carpenter (b. 1933)

Carpenter, Mary Elizabeth (Liz) Sutherland (1920-2010)

Carson, Julia May Porter (1938-2007)

Carson, Rachel Louise (1907-1964)

Carter, Eleanor Rosalynn Smith (b. 1927)

Castle Rock v. Gonzales (2005)

Castor, Kathy (b. 1966)

Castro, Ida L. (b. 1953)

Catholics for Choice

Catt, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman (1859-1947)

Center for American Women and Politics

Chao, Elaine Lan (b. 1953)

Chavez, Linda (b. 1947)

Chavez-Thompson, Linda (b. 1944)

Cheney, Liz (b. 1966)

Chenoweth-Hage, Helen Palmer (1938-2006)

Child Day Care

Child Labor Amendment

Child Support Enforcement

Child, Lydia Maria Francis (1802-1880)

Children’s Bureau

Children’s Defense Fund

Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill (1924-2005)

Christian Coalition of America

Christian-Christensen, Donna Marie (b. 1945)

Chu, Judy (b. 1953)

Church, Marguerite Stitt (1892-1990)

Citizens’ Advisory Council on the Status of Women

Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Civil Rights Movement, Women in the

Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988

Clark Gray, Georgia Neese (1900-1995)

Clark, Katherine M. (b. 1963)

Clark, Septima Poinsette (1898-1987)

Clarke, Marian Williams (1880-1953)

Clarke, Yvette Diane (b. 1964)

Claybrook, Joan (b. 1937)

Clayton, Eva McPherson (b. 1934)

Cleaver, Kathleen Neal (b. 1945)

Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur (1974)

Clift, Eleanor (b. 1940)

Clinton v. Jones (1997)

Clinton, Hillary Diane Rodham (b. 1947)

Coalition for Women’s Appointments

Coalition of Labor Union Women

Code Pink

Coker v. Georgia (1977)

Colautti v. Franklin (1979)

Collins, Barbara-Rose (b. 1939)

Collins, Cardiss Hortense Robertson (1931-2013)

Collins, Martha Layne Hall (b. 1936)

Collins, Susan Margaret (b. 1952)

Colored Women’s League

Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional, Inc.

Commissions on the Status of Women

Communist Party, USA

Comparable Worth

Comstock, Barbara J. (b. 1959)

Concerned Women for America

Congress, Women in

Congressional Accountability Act of 1995

Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues

Congressional Union

Congresswomen’s Caucus

Consciousness Raising

Conservatism

Contreras-Sweet, Maria (b. 1955)

Conway, Kellyanne Elizabeth Fitzpatrick (b. 1967)

Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974)

Cortez Masto, Catherine Marie (b. 1964)

Costanza, Margaret (Midge) (1932-2010)

Coulter, Ann (b. 1961)

Council of Presidents

Council of Women World Leaders

County of Washington, Oregon v. Gunther (1981)

Coverture

Craig v. Boren (1976)

Craig, Angela (b. 1972)

Crisp, Mary Dent (1923-2007)

Croly, Jane Cunningham (1829-1901)

Crowley, Candy (b. 1948)

Cubin, Barbara Lynn (b. 1946)

Cullors, Patrisse (b. 1984)

Dahlkemper, Kathleen A. (Kathy) (b. 1957)

Danner, Patsy Ann Berrer (b. 1934)

Daughters of Bilitis

Daughters of Liberty

Davids, Sharice (b. 1980)

Davis, Angela Yvonne (b. 1944)

Davis, Jo Ann (1950-2007)

Davis, Susan A. (b. 1944)

Day Care Council of America

Day, Dorothy (1897-1980)

Dean, Madeleine (b. 1959)

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (1848)

Decter, Midge Rosenthal (b. 1927)

Deer, Ada Elizabeth (b. 1935)

DeGette, Diana Louise (b. 1957)

DeLauro, Rosa L. (b. 1943)

DelBene, Suzan (b. 1962)

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority

Demings, Valdez Butler (b.1957)

Democratic Party, Women in the

Dennett, Mary Coffin Ware (1872-1947)

DeVos, Betsy (b. 1958)

Dewson, Mary (Molly) Williams (1874-1962)

Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc. (1971)

Dingell, Debbie (b. 1953)

Displaced Homemakers

DiVall, Linda (b. ca. 1953)

Divorce Law Reform

Dix, Dorothea Lynde (1802-1887)

Doe v. Bolton (1973)

Dole, (Mary) Elizabeth Hanford (b. 1936)

Domestic Violence

Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977)

Douglas, Emily Taft (1899-1994)

Douglas, Helen Mary Gahagan (1900-1980)

Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895)

Drake, Thelma Day (b. 1949)

Duckworth, Tammy (b. 1968)

Duniway, Abigail Jane Scott (1834-1915)

Dunn, Jennifer Blackburn (1941-2007)

Duren v. Missouri (1979)

Durr, Virginia Heard Foster (1903-1999)

Dworkin, Andrea Rita (1946-2005)

Dwyer, Florence Price (1902-1976)

Eagle Forum

East, Catherine Shipe (1916-1996)

Eastman, Crystal (1881-1928)

Echaveste, Maria (b. 1954)

Ecofeminism

Economic Equity Act

Edelman, Marian Wright (b. 1939)

Education Amendments of 1972, Title IX

Education, Women and

Edwards, Donna F. (b. 1958)

Edwards, Elaine Lucille Schwartzenburg (1929-2018)

Edwards, India Moffett (1895-1990)

Eisenhuth Alming, Laura J. Kelly (1858-1937)

Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)

Elders, Joycelyn (b. 1933)

Ellmers, Renee (b. 1964)

Emerson, Jo Ann (b. 1950)

EMILY’s List

Employment Discrimination

English, Karan (b. 1949)

Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974

Equal Division Rule

Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Equal Rights Amendment

Equal Rights Amendments, State

ERAmerica

Ernst, Joni (b. 1970)

Escobar, Veronica (b. 1969)

Eshoo, Anna Georges (b. 1942)

Eslick, Willa McCord Blake (1878-1961)

Esty, Elizabeth Henderson (b. 1959)

Evans, Jodie (b. 1954)

Evers-Williams, Myrlie Louise Beasley (b. 1933)

Executive Order 10980

Executive Order 11126

Executive Order 11246

Executive Order 11375

Fallin, Mary (b. 1954)

Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

Farenthold, Frances (Sissy) Talton (b. 1926)

Farrington, Mary Elizabeth Pruett (1898-1984)

Fauset, Crystal Dreda Bird (1894-1965)

Federal Women’s Program

Federally Employed Women

Feinstein, Dianne Goldman (b. 1933)

Felton, Rebecca Ann Latimer (1835-1930)

The Feminine Mystique

Feminist Majority Foundation

Feminist Movement

Feministing.com

Feminists for Life of America

Feminization of Poverty

Fenwick, Millicent Hammond (1910-1992)

Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001)

Ferguson, Miriam Amanda Wallace (1875-1961)

Ferraro, Geraldine Anne (1935-2011)

Fiedler, Roberta (Bobbi) Frances Horowitz (b. 1937)

Fifteenth Amendment

Finkenauer, Abby (b. 1988)

Finney, Joan Marie McInroy (1925-2001)

Fischer, Deb (b. 1951)

Fletcher, Elizabeth (b. 1975)

Flint Auto Workers’ Strike

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley (1890-1964)

Fonda, Jane Seymour (b. 1937)

Ford, Elizabeth Ann (Betty) Bloomer (1918-2011)

Fourteenth Amendment

Fowler, Tillie Kidd (1942-2005)

Foxx, Virginia Ann (b. 1943)

Frahm, Sheila Sloan (b. 1945)

Frankel, Lois (b. 1948)

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992)

Franklin, Barbara Hackman (b. 1940)

Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994

Friedan, Betty Naomi Goldstein (1921-2006)

Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)

Fudge, Marcia L. (b. 1952)

Fulani, Lenora Branch (b. ca. 1950)

Fuller, Margaret (1810-1850)

Fulmer, Willa Lybrand (1884-1968)

Furse, Elizabeth (b. 1936)

Futrell, Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood (b. 1940)

Gabbard, Tulsi (b. 1981)

Gage, Matilda Joslyn (1826-1898)

Garcia, Sylvia (b. 1950)

Garza, Alicia (b. 1981)

Gasque Van Exem, Elizabeth Mills Hawley (1886-1989)

Geduldig v. Aiello (1974)

Gender Gap

General Electric v. Gilbert (1976)

General Federation of Women’s Clubs

Gibbs, Florence Reville (1890-1964)

Gibbs, Lois Marie Conn (b. 1951)

Giffords, Gabrielle (b. 1970)

Gillibrand, Kirsten (b. 1966)

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1860-1935)

Ginsburg, Ruth Joan Bader (b. 1933)

Glaser, Vera (1916-2008)

Glass Ceiling Commission

Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft

Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)

Goldman, Emma (1869-1940)

Gonzales, Attorney General v. Carhart et al. (2007)

González-Colón, Jenniffer (b. 1976)

Goodman, Amy (b. 1957)

Goodwin, Doris Kearns (b. 1943)

Governors, Women

Graham, Gwendolyn (Gwen) (b. 1963)

Granahan, Kathryn Elizabeth O’Hay (1894-1979)

Granger, Kay (b. 1943)

Granholm, Jennifer Mulhern (b. 1959)

Grasso, Ella Rosa Giovanna Oliva Tambussi (1919-1981)

Gratz et al. v. Bollinger (2003)

Graves, Dixie Bibb (1882-1965)

Green Party USA

Green, Edith Louise Starrett (1910-1987)

Greene Mickelson, Enid (b. 1958)

Greenway King, Isabella Selmes (1886-1953)

Gregoire, Christine O’Grady (b. 1947)

Griffiths, Martha Edna Wright (1912-2003)

Grimké, Angelina Emily (1805-1879) and Sarah Moore (1792-1873)

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Grove City College v. Bell (1984)

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

Guinier, Carol Lani (b. 1950)

H. L. v. Matheson (1984)

Haaland, Debra (b. 1960)

Hagan, Kay R. (b. 1953)

Hahn, Janice (b. 1952)

Haley, Nimrata (Nikki) Randhawa (b. 1972)

Hall, Katie Beatrice Green (1938-2012)

Halvorson, Deborah L. DeFrancesco (b. 1958)

Hamer, Fannie Lou Townsend (1917-1977)

Hanabusa, Colleen (b. 1951)

Handel, Karen (b.1962)

Hansen, Julia Caroline Butler (1907-1988)

Harden, Cecil Murray (1894-1984)

Harman, Jane Frank (b. 1945)

Harris v. Forklift Systems (1993)

Harris v. McRae (1980)

Harris, Kamala Devi (b. 1964)

Harris, Katherine (b. 1957)

Harris, LaDonna (b. 1931)

Harris, Patricia Roberts (1924-1985)

Harriman, Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward (1920-1997)

Hart, Melissa Anne (b. 1962)

Hartzler, Vicky (b. 1960)

Hassan, Margaret (Maggie) Wood (b. 1958)

Hawkins, Paula Fickes (1927-2009)

Hayes, Jahana (b. 1973)

Hayworth, Nan (b. 1959)

Health Care, Women and

Heckler, Margaret Mary O’Shaughnessy (b. 1931)

Height, Dorothy Irene (1912-2010)

Heitkamp, Mary Kathryn (Heidi) (b. 1955)

Henderson, Hazel Mustard (b. 1933)

Herman, Alexis Margaret (b. 1947)

Hernandez, Aileen Clarke (1926-2017)

Herrera Beutler, Jaime (b. 1978)

Herseth Sandlin, Stephanie (b. 1970)

Hicks, (Anna) Louise Day (1916-2003)

Hill, Anita Faye (b. 1956)

Hill, Julia “Butterfly” (b. 1974)

Hill, Katie (b. 1987)

Hills, Carla Helen Anderson (b. 1934)

Hirono, Mazie K. (b. 1947)

Hishon v. King and Spalding (1984)

Hobby, Oveta Culp (1905-1995)

Hochul, Kathleen C. (b. 1958)

Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)

Hoff, Joan (b. 1939)

Hollister, Nancy Putnam (b. 1949)

Holt, Marjorie Sewell (1920-2018)

Holtzman, Elizabeth (b. 1941)

Honeyman, Nan Wood (1881-1970)

hooks, bell (née Gloria Watkins) (b. 1952)

Hooley, Darlene (b. 1939)

Horn, Joan Kelly (b. 1936)

Horn, Kendra (1976)

Houlahan, Christina (Chrissy) (b. 1967)

Howe, Julia Ward (1819-1910)

Hoyt v. Florida (1961)

Huck, Winnifred Sprague Mason (1882-1936)

Huerta, Dolores Clara Fernandez (b. 1930)

Huffington, Arianna Stassinopoulos (b. 1950)

Hufstedler, Shirley Ann Mount (1925-2016)

Hughes, Karen Parfitt (b. 1956)

Hull, Jane Dee Bowersock (b. 1935)

Human Trafficking

Humphrey Brown, Muriel Fay Buck (1912-1998)

Hurley, Ruby (1909-1980)

Hutchinson, Anne Marbury (1591-1643)

Hutchison, Kathryn (Kay) Ann Bailey (b. 1943)

Hyde, Henry John (1924-2007)

Hyde-Smith, Cindy (b. 1959)

Ifill, Gwen (1955-2016)

Independent Women’s Forum

Ireland, Patricia (b. 1945)

Ivey, Kay (b. 1944)

Ivins, Molly Tyler (1944-2007)

J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel T.B. (1994)

Jackson Lee, Sheila (b. 1950)

Jackson, Lisa (b. 1962)

Jarrett, Valerie Bowman (b. 1956)

Jayapal, Pramila (b. 1965)

Jenckes, Virginia Ellis (1877-1975)

Jenkins, Lynn (b. 1963)

Jewell, Sally (b. 1956)

Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County (1987)

Johnson, Eddie Bernice (b. 1935)

Johnson, Claudia Alta (Lady Bird) Taylor (1912-2007)

Johnson, Nancy Lee (b. 1935)

Jones, Brenda (b.1959)

Jones, Elaine R. (b. 1944)

Jones, Stephanie Tubbs (1949-2008)

Jordan, Barbara Charline (1936-1996)

Judges, Women

Jumper, Betty Mae Tiger (1923-2011)

Juneau, Denise (b. 1967)

Juries, Women on

Kagan, Elena (b. 1960)

Kahn, Florence Prag (1868-1948)

Kaptur, Marcia (Marcy) Carolyn (b. 1946)

Kassebaum Baker, Nancy Landon (b. 1932)

Kee, Maude Elizabeth Simpkins (1895-1975)

Kelley, Florence (1859-1932)

Kelly, Edna Patricia Kathleen Flannery (1906-1997)

Kelly, Laura (b. 1950)

Kelly, Robin L. (b. 1956)

Kelly, Sue W. (b. 1936)

Kennedy, Claudia Jean (b. 1947)

Kennedy, Florynce Rae (1916-2000)

Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier

Kennelly, Barbara Bailey (b. 1936)

Keys, Martha Elizabeth Ludwig (b. 1930)

Kilpatrick, Carolyn Jean Cheeks (b. 1945)

Kilroy, Mary Jo (b. 1949)

King, Coretta Scott (1927-2006)

King, Mary Elizabeth (b. 1940)

Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981)

Kirkpatrick, Ann (b.1950)

Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan (1926-2006)

Kissling, Frances (b. 1943)

Klobuchar, Amy (b. 1960)

Knutson, Coya Gjesdal (1912-1996)

Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan (1919-1989)

Kosmas, Suzanne McDonald (b. 1944)

Kreps, Juanita Morris (1921-2010)

Kuhn, Margaret (Maggie) E. (1905-1995)

Kumar, Maria Teresa (b. 1974)

Kunin, Madeleine May (b. 1933)

Kuster, Ann McLane (b. 1956)

La Flesche, Susette (1854-1903)

Lachance, Janice Rachel (b. 1953)

LaDuke, Winona (b. 1959)

Lake, Celinda (b. 1953)

Lampkin, Daisy Elizabeth Adams (ca. 1884-1965)

Landes, Bertha Ethel Knight (1868-1943)

Landrieu, Mary (b. 1955)

Langley, Katherine Gudger (1888-1948)

Lathrop, Julia (1858-1932)

Lawrence Textile Mill Strike

Lawrence, Brenda L. (b. 1954)

League of Women Voters

Lease, Mary Elizabeth Clyens (1850-1933)

Ledbetter, Lilly (b. 1938)

Lee, Barbara (b. 1946)

Lee, Susie (b. 1966)

Lesbian Rights

Lesko, Debbie (b. 1958)

Lewis, Ann Frank (b. 1937)

Liasson, Mara (b. 1955)

Liberalism

Lightfoot, Lori E. (b. 1962)

Liliuokalani (1838-1917)

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Lilly M. Ledbetter, Petitioner v. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. (2007)

Lincoln, Blanche Lambert (b. 1960)

Lingle, Linda Cutter (b. ca. 1953)

Liswood, Laura (b. 1950)

Lloyd Bouquard, Rachel Marilyn Laird (1929-2018)

Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett McNall (1830-1917)

Lofgren, Zoe (b. 1947)

Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke 127 S. Ct. 2339 (2007)

Long Thompson, Jill Lynnette (b. 1952)

Long, Catherine Small (b. 1924)

Long, Rose McConnell (1892-1970)

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978)

Louchheim, Kathleen (Katie) Scofield (1903-1991)

Love, Ludmya Bourdeau (Mia) (b. 1975)

Lowey, Nita Melnikoff (b. 1937)

Luce, Clare Boothe (1903-1987)

Lujan Grisham, Michelle (b. 1959)

Lummis, Cynthia (b. 1954)

Luria, Elaine (b. 1975)

Lusk, Georgia Lee Witt (1893-1971)

Lynch, Loretta Elizabeth (b. 1959)

Lyon, Phyllis (b. 1924)

MacKinnon, Catharine Alice (b. 1946)

Madar, Olga Marie (1916-1996)

Maher v. Roe (1977)

Majette, Denise L. (b.1955)

Malcolm, Ellen Reighley (b. 1947)

Maloney, Carolyn Bosher (b. 1948)

MANA, a National Latina Organization

Mankiller, Wilma Pearl (1945-2010)

Mankin, Helen Douglas (1894-1956)

Margolies-Mezvinsky, Marjorie (b. 1942)

Marin, Rosario (b. 1958)

Markey, Betsy (b.1956)

Married Women’s Property Acts

Martin, Dorothy Taliaferro “Del” (1921-2008)

Martin, Judith Lynn Morley (b. 1939)

Martin, Marion E. (1900-1987)

Martinez, Susana (b. 1959)

Martz, Judy (b. 1943)

Matalin, Mary Joe (b. 1953)

Matsui, Doris Okada (b. 1944)

May, Catherine Dean Barnes (1914-2004)

McBath, Lucy (b. 1960)

McCabe, Jewell Jackson (b. 1945)

McCarthy, Carolyn (b. 1944)

McCarthy, Gina (b. 1954)

McCarthy, Karen (1947-2010)

McCarty v. McCarty (1980)

McCaskill, Claire (b. 1953)

McCollum, Betty (b. 1954)

McCormack, Ellen (née Eleanor Rose) Cullen (1926-2011)

McCormick Simms, Ruth Hanna (1880-1944)

McKinney, Cynthia Ann (b. 1955)

McLaughlin Korologos, Ann Dore Lauenstein (b. 1941)

McMahon, Linda E. (b. 1948)

McMillan, Clara Gooding (1894-1976)

McMorris Rodgers, Cathy Anne (b. 1969)

McSally, Martha (b. 1966)

Meek, Carrie Pittman (b. 1926)

Meissner, Doris Marie (b. 1941)

Meng, Grace (b. 1975)

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986)

#metoo

Meyers, Jan Lenore Crilly (b. 1928)

Meyner, Helen Day Stevenson (1929-1997)

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Mikulski, Barbara Ann (b. 1936)

Military, Women in the

Millender-McDonald, Juanita (1938-2007)

Miller, Candice S. (b. 1954)

Miller, Carol (b. 1950)

Miller, Laura (b. 1958)

Millett, Katherine (Kate) Murray (1934-2017)

Mills, Janet Trafton (b. 1947)

Mills, Karen Gordon (b. 1953)

Mink, Patsy Matsu Takemoto (1927-2002)

Minner, Ruth Ann Coverdale (b. 1935)

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)

Mofford, Rose Perica (1922-2016)

Molinari, Susan (b. 1958)

Moore, Gwendolynne S. (b. 1951)

Moore, Minyon (b. 1958)

Morella, Constance Albanese (b. 1931)

Moseley Braun, Carol (b. 1947)

Moskowitz, Belle Lindner Israels (1877-1933)

Motley, Constance Baker (1921-2005)

Mott, Lucretia Coffin (1793-1880)

Ms. Foundation for Women

Ms. Magazine

Mucarsel-Powell, Debbie (b. 1971)

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Munoz, Cecilia (b. 1962)

Murkowski, Lisa (b. 1957)

Murphy, Stephanie (b.1978)

Murray, Patty Johns (b. 1950)

Murray, Pauli (1910-1985)

Musgrave, Marilyn N. (b. 1949)

Myers, Margaret Jane (Dee Dee) (b. 1961)

Myrick, Sue (b. 1941)

9to5, National Association of Working Women

National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, Inc.

Napolitano, Grace Flores (b. 1936)

Napolitano, Janet Ann (b. 1957)

NARAL Pro-Choice America

Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty (1977)

National Advisory Committee for Women

National American Woman Suffrage Association

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Women in the

National Association of Commissions for Women

National Center for Lesbian Rights

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

National Coalition of 100 Black Women

National Commission on the Observance of International Women’s Year, 1975

National Committee on Pay Equity

National Committee to Defeat the UnEqual Rights Amendment

National Conference of Puerto Rican Women

National Congress of Black Women

National Consumers League

National Council of Jewish Women

National Council of Negro Women

National Federation of Afro-American Women

National Federation of Republican Women

National Gender Balance Project USA

National League of Republican Colored Women

National Organization for Women

National Organization of Black Elected Legislative Women

National Right to Life Committee

National Welfare Rights Organization

National Woman Suffrage Association

National Woman’s Loyal League

National Woman’s Party

National Women’s Conference Committee

National Women’s Conference

National Women’s Law Center

National Women’s Political Caucus

Natividad, Irene (b. 1948)

Navarro, Ana (b. 1971)

Negrete McLeod, Gloria (b. 1941)

Neuberger, Maurine Brown (1907-2000)

New York Radical Women

News Media, Women Politicians and

Nielsen, Kirstjen Michele (b. 1972)

Nineteenth Amendment

Nixon, Patricia Ryan (1912-1993)

Noem, Kristi (b. 1971)

Nolan, Mae Ella Hunt (1886-1973)

Norrell, Catherine Dorris (1901-1981)

Northup, Anne Meagher (b. 1948)

Norton, Eleanor Holmes (b. 1937)

Norton, Gale (b. 1954)

Norton, Mary Teresa Hopkins (1875-1959)

Novello, Antonia Coello (b. 1944)

NOW v. Scheidler (1994) (2003) (2006)

Nussbaum, Karen (b. 1950)

Volume 2: O–Z

Oakar, Mary Rose (b. 1940)

Obama, Michelle Robinson (b. 1964)

O’Beirne, Kate (1949-2017)

Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria (b. 1989)

O’Connor, Sandra Day (b. 1930)

O’Day, Caroline Love Goodwin (1875-1943)

Office of Women’s Initiatives and Outreach

O’Hare, Kathleen Richards (1876-1948)

Ohio v. Akron Center (1990)

O’Laughlin, Kathryn Ellen McCarthy (1894-1952)

Oldfield, Pearl Peden (1876-1962)

O’Leary, Hazel Rollins (b. 1937)

Omar, Ilhan (b. 1981)

Onassis, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (1929-1994)

Operation Rescue

Organizacion en California de Lideres Campesinas

Orr v. Orr (1979)

Orr, Kay Avonne Stark (b. 1939)

Ortega, Katherine Davalos (b. 1934)

Owen Rohde, Ruth Bryan (1885-1954)

Palin, Sarah (b. 1964)

Park, Maud Wood (1871-1955)

Parker, Annise (b. 1956)

Parks, Rosa Louise McCauley (1913-2005)

Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003

Patterson, Elizabeth Johnston (1939-2018)

Paul, Alice (1885-1977)

Pay Equity

Peace Movement

Pelosi, Nancy B. (b. 1940)

Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004)

Perdue, Beverly M. (b. 1947)

Perkins, Frances (Fanny) Corlie (1882-1965)

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

Personnel Administrator of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Feeney (1979)

Peters, Mary E. (b. 1948)

Peterson, Esther (1906-1997)

Pettis Roberson, Shirley Neil McCumber (1924-2016)

Pfost, Gracie Bowers (1906-1965)

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation (1971)

Pingree, Chellie Johnson (b. 1955)

Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations (1973)

Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City, Mo. v. Ashcroft (1983)

Planned Parenthood Federation of America

Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976)

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992)

Plaskett, Stacey E. (b. 1966)

Poelker v. Doe (1977)

Pornography

Porter, Katie (b. 1974)

Poverty

Power, Samantha (b. 1970)

Pratt, Eliza Jane (1902-1981)

Pratt, Ruth Sears Baker (1877-1965)

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

President and Vice President, Women Candidates for

President’s Commission on the Status of Women

President’s Interagency Council on Women

President’s Task Force on Women’s Rights and Responsibilities

Pressley, Ayanna (b. 1974)

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989)

Priest, Ivy Maude Baker (1905-1975)

Pritzker, Penny (b. 1956)

Progressive Party, Women in the

Pro-Life Action League

Protective Legislation

Pryce, Deborah D. (b. 1951)

Public Offices, Women Elected to

Public Speaking

Pyle, Gladys (1890-1989)

Quaker Women

Quinton, Amelia Stone (1833-1926)

Racial Discrimination

Radewagen, Amata Catherine Coleman (b. 1947)

Radicalesbians

Raimondo, Gina M (b. 1971)

Rankin, Jeannette Pickering (1880-1973)

Rape

Ray, Dixy Lee (1914-1994)

Reagan, Anne Francis “Nancy” Robbins Davis (1921-2016)

Redstockings

Reece, Louise Goff (1898-1970)

Reed v. Reed (1971)

Reid, Charlotte Leota Thompson (1913-2007)

Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice

Rell, M. Jodi (b. 1946)

Reno, Janet (1938-2016)

Reproductive Rights

Republican Party, Women in the

Republicans for Choice

Reynolds, Kim (b. 1959)

Rice, Condoleezza (b. 1954)

Rice, Kathleen Maura (b. 1965)

Rice, Susan E. (b. 1964)

Richards, Ann Willis (1933-2006)

Richards, Cecile (b. 1957)

Richardson, Laura (b. 1962)

Riley, Corrine Boyd (1893-1979)

Rivers, Lynn Nancy (b. 1956)

Rivlin, Alice Mitchell (b. 1931-2019)

Roberts v. United States Jaycees (1984)

Roberts, Barbara Hughey (b. 1936)

Roberts, Mary Martha Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs (Cokie) (b. 1943)

Robertson, Alice Mary (1854-1931)

Robinson, Ruby Doris Smith (1942-1967)

Roby, Martha (b. 1976)

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Rogers, Edith Frances Nourse (1881-1960)

Romer, Christina (b. 1958)

Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884-1962)

Rosen, Jacklyn Sheryl (Jacky) (b. 1957)

Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana (b. 1952)

Ross, Nellie Tayloe (1876-1977)

Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)

Roukema, Margaret Scafati (1929-2014)

Roy, Vesta M. (1925-2002)

Roybal-Allard, Lucille (b. 1941)

Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre (1842-1924)

Rust v. Sullivan (1991)

Saiki, Patricia Fukuda (b. 1930)

Salter, Susanna Madora Kinsey (1860-1961)

Sánchez, Linda T. (b. 1969)

Sanchez, Loretta (b. 1960)

Sanders, Sarah Huckabee (b. 1982)

Sanger, Margaret Louise Higgins (1879-1966)

Sayles Belton, Sharon (b. 1951)

Scanlon, Mary Gay (b.1959)

Schakowsky, Janice D. (b. 1944)

Schenk, Lynn (b. 1945)

Schlafly, Phyllis Stewart (1924-2016)

Schmidt, Jean (b.1951)

Schneider, Claudine Cmarada (b. 1947)

Schrier, Kim (b. 1968)

Schroeder, Patricia Nell Scott (b. 1940)

Schwab, Susan C. (b. 1955)

Schwartz, Allyson Y. (b. 1948)

Seastrand, Andrea Ciszek (b. 1941)

Sebelius, Kathleen Gilligan (b. 1948)

Sekula Gibbs, Shelley

Seneca Falls Convention

Separate Spheres

Sewell, Terri (b. 1965)

Sex Discrimination

Sexual Harassment

Shabazz, Hajj Bahiyah (Betty) Sanders (1936-1997)

Shaheen, Jeanne (b. 1947)

Shalala, Donna Edna (b. 1941)

Shaw, Anna Howard (1847-1919)

Shea-Porter, Carol (b. 1952)

Shepherd, Karen (b. 1940)

Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921

Sherrill, Mikie (b. 1972)

Shirtwaist Workers Strike

Simmons, Althea T. L. (1924-1990)

Simpson, Edna Oakes (1891-1984)

Sinema, Kyrsten (b. 1976)

Slaughter, Louise McIntosh (1929-2018)

Slotkin, Elissa (b. 1976)

Smeal, Eleanor Cutri (b. 1939)

Smith, Howard Worth (1883-1976)

Smith, Linda Ann Simpson (b. 1950)

Smith, Margaret Madeline Chase (1897-1995)

Smith, Mary Louise (1914-1997)

Smith, Tina (b. 1958)

Smith, Virginia Dodd (1911-2006)

Snowe, Olympia Jean Bouchles (b. 1947)

Social Security

Socialism

Solis, Hilda (b. 1957)

Sotomayor, Sonia (b. 1954)

Spanberger, Abigail (b. 1979)

Speier, Karen Lorraine Jacqueline (Jackie) (b. 1950)

Spellings, Margaret Dudar La Montagne (b. 1957)

Spellman, Gladys Blossom Noon (1918-1988)

Spider Web

St. George, Katharine Delano Price Collier (1894-1983)

Stabenow, Deborah Ann (b. 1950)

Stalking

Stanley, Winifred Claire (1909-1996)

Stanton v. Stanton (1975)

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady (1815-1902)

State Legislatures, Women in

Stefanik, Elise M. (b. 1984)

Steinem, Gloria Marie (b. 1934)

Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart (2000)

Stevens, Haley (b. 1983)

Stewart, Maria W. (1803-1879)

Stone, Lucy (1818-1893)

Stop ERA

Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth Beecher (1811-1896)

Strauder v. West Virginia (1879)

Strauss, Annette Greenfield (1924-1998)

Suffrage

Sullivan, Leonor Kretzer (1902-1988)

Sumner, Jessie (1898-1994)

Susan B. Anthony List

Sutton, Betty (b. 1963)

Swift, Jane (b. 1965)

Talbert, Mary Morris Burnett (1866-1923)

Tauscher, Ellen O’Kane (b. 1951)

Taylor v. Louisiana (1975)

Tea Party

Temperance Movement, Women in the

Tenney, Claudia (b. 1961)

Terrell, Mary Eliza Church (1863-1954)

Thomas, Helen Amelia (1920-2013)

Thomas, Lera Millard (1900-1993)

Thompson, Ruth (1887-1970)

Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1986)

Thurman, Karen Loveland (b. 1951)

Titus, Alice Constandina (Dina) (b. 1950)

Tlaib, Rashida (b. 1976)

Tometi, Opal (b. 1984)

Torres Small, Xochitl (b. 1984)

Torres, Norma Judith (b. 1965)

Trahan, Lori (b. 1973)

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

Truth, Sojourner (ca. 1797-1883)

Tsongas, Nicola S. (Niki) (b. 1946)

Tubman, Harriet (ca. 1820-1913)

Tyson, Laura D’Andrea (b. 1947)

UAW v. Johnson Controls (1991)

Underwood, Lauren (b. 1986)

United States v. Morrison (2000)

United States v. Virginia (1996)

University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978)

Unsoeld, Jolene Bishoprick (b. 1931)

Upton, Harriet Taylor (1853-1945)

Vaid, Urvashi (b. 1958)

Velázquez, Nydia Margarita (b. 1953)

Veneman, Ann (b. 1949)

Veterans’ Preference

Vilmain, Teresa (b. 1958)

Violence Against Women Act of 1994, 2000, and 2005

Violence Against Women Office

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Vucanovich, Barbara Farrell (1921-2013)

Wagner, Ann (b. 1962)

Wald, Lillian D. (1867-1940)

Waldholtz, Enid Greene

Walker, Olene (1930-2015)

Wallace, Lurleen Burns (1926-1968)

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes et al. (2011)

Walorski, Jackie (b. 1963)

Walters, Mimi (b. 1962)

Warren, Elizabeth (b. 1949)

Wasserman Schultz, Debbie (b. 1966)

Waters, Maxine Moore Carr (b. 1938)

Watson Coleman, Bonnie (b. 1945)

Watson, Barbara Mae (1918-1983)

Watson, Diane Edith (b. 1933)

Wattleton, Alyce Faye (b. 1943)

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)

Weddington, Sarah Ragle (b. 1945)

Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company (1969)

Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975)

Weis, Jessica McCullough (1901-1963)

Welfare

Wells-Barnett, Ida Bell (1862-1931)

West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)

Westwood, Frances Jean Miles (1923-1997)

Wexler, Anne Levy (1930-2009)

Wexton, Jennifer (b. 1968)

White House Council on Women and Girls

Whitman, Christine Todd (b. 1946)

Whitmer, Gretchen (b. 1971)

Whitmire, Kathryn Jean (b. 1946)

Widnall, Sheila Evans (b. 1938)

Wild, Susan (b. 1957)

Willard, Frances Elizabeth Caroline (1839-1898)

Willebrandt, Mabel Walker (1889-1963)

Williams v. Zbaraz (1980)

Wilson, Diane (b. ca. 1949)

Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt (1872-1961)

Wilson, Frederica (b. 1942)

Wilson, Heather (b. 1960)

Wingo, Effiegene Locke (1883-1962)

WISH List

Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-1797)

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

Woman’s National Loyal League

Woman’s Peace Party

Women in Apprenticeship and Nontraditional Occupations Act of 1992

Women of Color Policy Network

Women Strike for Peace

Women Under Forty Political Action Committee

Women Work! The National Network for Women’s Employment

WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease

Women’s Action for New Directions

Women’s Bureau

Women’s Campaign Fund

Women’s Congressional Policy Institute

Women’s Educational Equity Act of 1974

Women’s Equity Action League

Women’s Health Equity Act

Women’s Health, Office of Research on

Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

Women’s Joint Congressional Committee

Women’s Liberation Movement

Women’s March

Women’s Political Council

Women’s Political Union

Women’s Trade Union League

Woodhouse, Chase Going (1890-1984)

Woodhull, Victoria Claflin (1838-1927)

Woodruff, Judy Carline (b. 1946)

Woolsey, Lynn (b. 1937)

Wright, Frances (Fanny) (1795-1852)

Year of the Woman

Yellen, Janet L. (b. 1946)

#YouKnowMe

YWCA of the USA

Zeilinger, Julie (b. 1993)

Appendix 1: Documents

Women’s Rights

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

Speech After Being Convicted of Voting in the 1872 Presidential Election

Birth Control-A Parents’ Problem or Woman’s?

Equal Rights for Women

National Women’s Conference Plan of Action

Address to Feminists for Life of America

Eyewitness: Beating the Bra Burners

Incrementalism Versus the Ketchup Bottle: Women’s Progress in Politics

So Much We Can Do: A Nation of Leaders

Women’s March Agenda 2019

Political Parties and Agendas

I Announce Myself As A Candidate for the Presidency

The Problem That Has No Name

Chicanas Speak Out. Women: New Voices of La Raza

A New Beginning: A New Dedication

Educating the Black Child: Our Past and Our Future

The Indigenous Women’s Network: Our Future, Our Responsibility

It’s the Family, Stupid!

Address to the Democratic National Convention

Acceptance Speech at the Republication National Convention

Racism and Discrimination

Child Labor and Woman Suffrage

What It Means to be Colored in the Capital of the U.S.

Seeking a Link with the Past

Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972

Dolores Huerta Talks

Sexual Harassment: The Nature of the Beast

Statement on Equal Pay Day

The Changing Face of Rural Communities

Presidential Appointees

Remarks to the First National Summit on the Advancement of Girls in Math and Science

Announcements: Women’s Contracting Rule and National Women’s Business Council Chair

Bridging Connection Technologies and Sustainable Development

Women in the Military

Should Women be Barred from Combat Positions?

Defense Department Expands Women’s Combat Role

DoD Releases Annual Report on Sexual Assault in Military

Appendix 2: Facts and Statistics

Table A.1 Number of Women in Congress

Table A.2 Women of Color in Elective Office 1965-2019

Table A.3 Women in Congressional Leadership Roles

Table A.4 Women Appointed to Cabinet Positions

Table A.5 Women in State Legislatures (1895-2019)

Table A.6 History of Women Governors

Table A.7 Firsts for Women in U.S. Politics (1848-2019)

Table A.8 Firsts for Women in the Law Profession and the Courts (1869-2015)

Chronology

Bibliography