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Principles of Archaeology

Table of Contents

Publisher’s Note




Introduction




Contributors




Archaeology



Ancient DNA


Archaeological Culture


Archaeological Science (Archaeometry)


Archaeology


Archaeology and Censorship


Archaeology in Cinema: The Indiana Jones Film Franchise


Calendars and Chronology in the Ancient World


Carbon Dating


Daily Life and Customs in the Ancient World


Dendrochronology


Egyptology


Ethnobotany


Ethnology


Forensic Anthropology


Forensic Archaeology


Forensic Palynology


Garbology


Geoarchaeology


Geoinformatics


Grave Robbery


Ground-Penetrating Radar and Other Methods for Locating Burials


Half-Life


Historical Archaeology


Iconoclasm


Maritime Archaeology


Mathematics of Carbon Dating


Media Archaeology


Medicine and Health in the Ancient World


Obelisks and Pyramids of Giza


Obsidian Hydration Dating


Paleolithic Period


Pollen Analysis


Potassium-Argon Dating


Prehistoric Mathematics


Prehistory


Radiocarbon Dating


Radiometric Dating


Remote-Sensing Satellites


Repatriation of Cultural Artifacts: An Overview


Society of Dilettanti


Underwater Archaeology


Archaeologists



Andrews Expedition Discovers the First Fossilized Dinosaur Eggs


Boule and the First Reconstructed Neanderthal Skeleton


Burckhardt Discovers Egypt’s Abu Simbel


Howard Carter and the Tomb of Tutankhamen


Kwang-chih Chang


Elgin Ships Parthenon Marbles to England


Crete, Arthur Evans, and the Palace at Knossos


The Japanese Paleolithic Hoax


The Kennewick Man Controversy


A. H. Layard and the Assyrian Ruins of Nineveh


Libby Introduces the Carbon-14 Method of Dating Ancient Objects


William Stukeley’s Study of Stonehenge and Avebury


Otto Zdansky and Peking Man


Archaeological Cultures



American Paleo-Arctic Tradition


Andean Civilizations


Anthropologists Claim Pottery Shows Transpacific Pre-Columbian Contact


Aryans and the Vedic Culture in India


Ban Chiang Culture


Basketmaker Culture


The Beaker People in Western Europe


Early Dynastic Period in Southern Mesopotamia


East and South Africa in the Ancient World


Eastern Pueblo Tribes


Halafian Culture in Northern Mesopotamia


Hallstatt Culture


Hopewell Culture


Mound Builders Rise in Ohio Valley


Mounds and Mound Builders


Olmec Civilization


Paleo-Indian Culture


Red Paint and Laurel Cultures


Southwest Peoples


Ubaid Culture in Mesopotamia


Valdivia Culture


Vinca Culture


Yangshao and Longshan Cultures


Archaeological Sites



Abu Hureyra


African Rock Art


Ajanta Caves in India


Alaca Höyük (Alacahöyük)


Ancient City of Petra


Ancient India Art and Architecture


Ancient Southeast Asia Art and Architecture


Ancient Troy and Paphos


Angkor


Bactria


Bat Cave and Danger Cave


Baths of Caracalla


Cahokia Historic Site


Calakmul


Calvary


Caral in Peru


Casas Grandes


Cave of Altamira


Chaco Canyon Historical Site


Chauvet Cave


Chavín de Huántar, Cholula, and Tikal


Chersonesus


Clay Soldiers of China


Cobá, La Venta, and Copán


The Dead Sea Scrolls


Decline of Moundville


Deir el-Bahari


Discovery of the Rosetta Stone


Dzibilchaltún and San Lorenzo


El Juyo Cave


El Tajin Pre-Hispanic City


Folsom Technological Complex


Giant Stelae Raised at Aksum


Göbekli Tepe


Historic Oaxaca and Monte Albán Archaeological Site


Ironworking Begins in Sub-Saharan Africa


Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus


Lake Mungo Remains (Mungo Lady and Mungo Man)


Lehner, Koster, and Midland Archaeological Site


Lydenburg Bantus Sculpted Life-Size Terra-Cotta Heads


Marpole Phase and Ozette


Mayan Ruins at Palenque


Mesa Verde and Awat’ovi Ruins


Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Mauryan Empire, Guptas, and Pallavas


The Nazca Lines, Peru


Old Copper Complex in North America


Ötzi (the Iceman)


Paracas and Lima Cultures


Pompeii and Oplontis


Poverty Point and Key Marco Archaeological Sites


Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza


Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan


Red Bay Basque Whaling Station


Shanidar Cave


Ska-Nah-Doht: A Village Stands Again


Snaketown and the Hidatsa


Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites


Susa and Hammurabi’s Code


Sutton Hoo


Uncovering of Mayan Antiquities


Unearthing the Minoan Civilization


Uxmal, Tula, and Tres Zapotes


Xin Zhui’s Tomb


Xochicalco


Bibliography


Glossary


Organizations