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Ethics: Questions & Morality of Human Actions, 3rd Edition

Table of Contents

Volume 1 Wondering about Ethics




Publisher’s Note




Editors’ Introduction




Contributing Scholars




The Concepts of Ethics




The Absurd




Accountability




Aggression




Altruism




Authenticity




Autonomy




Bad faith




Benevolence




Character




Charity




Choice




Collective guilt




Consent




Consistency




Conversion of one’s system of beliefs




Duty




Equality




Excellence




Exploitation




Fairness




Fatalism




The Good




Greed




Harm




Human nature




Immortality




Impartiality




Incommensurability




Inequality




Intention




Intrinsic good




Is/ought distinction




Language




Leadership




Lifestyles




Love




Luck and chance




Merit




Moral education




Moral equivalence




Moral luck




Moral realism




Moral responsibility




Morality




Motivation




Natural law




Naturalistic fallacy




The Other




Ought/can implication




Perfectionism




Permissible acts




Pessimism and optimism




Power




Practical reason




Prisoner’s dilemma




Property




Punishment




Reason and rationality




Responsibility




Revelation




Right and wrong




Rights and obligations




“Slippery-slope” arguments




Tragedy




Truth




Value




Values clarification




Weakness of will




Wickedness




Will




Work




Theories & Traditions




Absolutism




Academic freedom




African traditional religion




Anthropomorphism of the divine




Applied ethics




Aristotelian ethics




Atheism




Cannibalism




Caste system, Hindu




Casuistry




Chivalry




Cognitivism




Communitarianism




Comparative ethics




Confucian ethics




Consequentialism




Critical theory




Cynicism




Cyrenaics




Daoist ethics




Deconstruction




Deism




Deontological ethics




Determinism and freedom




Dilemmas, moral




Egalitarianism




Egoism




Egotist




Emotivist ethics




Enlightenment ethics




Ethics




Ethics/morality distinction




Evolutionary theory




Existentialism




Fact/value distinction




Free-riding




Golden mean




Golden rule




Hedonism




Ideal observer




Idealist ethics




Ideology




Intersubjectivity




Intuitionist ethics




Kantian ethics




Libertarianism




Marxism




Maximal vs. minimal ethics




Mean/ends distinction




Metaethics




Moral principles, rules, and imperatives




Moral-sense theories




Narrative ethics




Native American ethics




Nihilism




Normative vs. descriptive ethics




Objectivism




Panentheism




Pantheism




Paradoxes in ethics




Platonic ethics




Pluralism




Post-Enlightenment ethics




Postmodernism




Pragmatism




Prescriptivism




Private vs. public morality




Professional ethics




Progressivism




Relativism




Secular ethics




Situational ethics




Skepticism




Social Darwinism




Sophists




Stoic ethics




Subjectivism




Supererogation




Teleological ethics




Theory and practice




Transcendentalism




Universalizability




Utilitarianism




Virtue ethics




Theorists & Practitioners




Abelard, Peter




Aristotle




Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics




Atatürk




Ayer, A. J.




Bacon, Francis




Beauvoir, Simone de




Bentham, Jeremy




Berdyayev, Nikolay




Bergson, Henri




Boethius




Bradley, F. H.




Buber’s I and Thou




Camus, Albert




Cicero




Comte, Auguste




Confucius




Darwin, Charles




Derrida, Jacques




Descartes, René




Dewey, John




Dewey’s Human Nature and Conduct




Dostoevski, Fyodor




Du Bois, W. E. B.




Durkheim, Émile




Emerson, Ralph Waldo




Epictetus




Epicurus




Foucault, Michel




Gandhi, Mohandas K.




Hare, R. M.




Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit




Heidegger, Martin




Hobbes, Thomas




Hobbes’s Leviathan




Hume, David




Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals




Jefferson, Thomas




Jung, Carl




Kant, Immanuel




Kant’s Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals




Kierkegaard’s Either/Or




Kohlberg, Lawrence




Laozi




Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm




Lenin, Vladimir Ilich




Levinas, Emmanuel




Locke, John




Locke’s Two Treatises of Government




Machiavelli, Niccolò




MacIntyre, Alasdair




Maimonides, Moses




Malcolm X




Malthus, Thomas




Marcus Aurelius




Marx’s The Communist Manifesto




Mencius




Mill, John Stuart




Mill’s On Liberty




Montesquieu




Moore, G. E.




More’s Utopia




Nagel, Thomas




Nietzsche, Friedrich




Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil




Ortega y Gasset, José




Orwell, George




Pascal, Blaise




Peirce, Charles Sanders




Perry, R. B.




Plato




Plato’s Republic




Rand, Ayn




Rawls, John




Rorty, Richard




Rousseau, Jean-Jacques




Royce, Josiah




Russell, Bertrand




Santayana, George




Sartre, Jean-Paul




Sartre’s Being and Nothingness




Schopenhauer, Arthur




Schweitzer, Albert




Shaftesbury, third earl of




Sidgwick, Henry




Smith, Adam




Socrates




Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr




Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago




Spinoza, Baruch




Spinoza’s Ethics




Stalin, Joseph




Tagore, Rabindranath




Thomas Aquinas




Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologica




Thoreau, Henry David




Tillich, Paul




Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de




Voltaire




Wang Yangming




Weber, Max




Whitehead, Alfred North




Wiesel, Elie




Wittgenstein, Ludwig




Zhu Xi




Zhuangzi




Volume 2 Politics, Government, Law, Human Rights, and War




Politics & Government




American Association of Retired Persons




Anarchy




Apology




Arendt, Hannah




Assassination




Boycotts




Burke, Edmund




Campaign finance reform




Capitalism




Citizenship




Class struggle




Clinton, Bill




Communism




Congress




Conservatism




Constitutional government




Covert action




Declaration of Independence




Democracy




Dictatorship




Dirty hands




Distributive justice




Economic analysis




Economics




Entitlements




Espionage




Fascism




Freedom of Information Act




Free enterprise




Future-oriented ethics




Habermas, Jürgen




Hitler, Adolf




Immigration




Immigration Reform and Control Act




Income distribution




Liberalism




Lincoln, Abraham




Lobbying




Lotteries




Marx, Karl




McCarthy, Joseph R.




Merleau-Ponty, Maurice




Nader, Ralph




Nationalism




Native American casinos




Nazism




Nonviolence




Nozick, Robert




Pacifism




Political correctness




Political liberty




Political realism




Politics




Poverty




Poverty and wealth




Profit economy




Realpolitik




Revolution




Sedition




Social contract theory




Socialism




State of nature




Taxes




A Theory of Justice




Treason




Tyranny




Voting fraud




Watergate scandal




Žižek, Slavoj




Law & Human Rights




Accused, rights of




Adversary system




Affirmative action




Ageism




American Civil Liberties Union




American Inns of Court




Americans with Disabilities Act




Amnesty International




Animal consciousness




Animal research




Animal rights




Arbitration




Arrest records




Attorney misconduct




Attorney ethics




Attorney-client privilege




Bilingual education




Bill of Rights, U.S.




Bosnia




Brandeis, Louis D.




Capital punishment




Child abuse




Child labor legislation




Child support




Children




Children’s Bureau




Children’s rights




Choiceless choices




Civil disobedience




Civil Rights Act of 1964




Civil rights and liberties




Civil Rights movement




Code of Professional Responsibility




Codes of civility




Commission on Civil Rights, U.S.




Concentration camps




Congress of Racial Equality




Constitution, U.S.




Cruelty to animals




Dallaire, Roméo




Disability rights




Discrimination




Dronenburg v. Zech




Due process




Dworkin, Ronald




Electronic surveillance




Emancipation Proclamation




English Bill of Rights




Erroneous convictions




Ethics in Government Act




Famine




First Amendment




Fraud




Freedom of expression




Gault, In re




Gangs




Genocide and democide




Gewirth, Alan




Gideon v. Wainwright




Good Samaritan laws




Goss v. Lopez




Gray Panthers




Hammurabi’s code




Hart, H. L. A.




Hate crime and hate speech




Head Start




Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich




Holocaust




Homeless care




Homicide




Homophobia




Human rights




Human Rights Watch




Humane Society of the United States




Hunger




Hussein, Saddam




Identity theft




Infanticide




Intellectual property




International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights




International Criminal Court




International justice




Invasion of privacy




Jackson, Jesse




Judicial conduct code




Jurisprudence




Jury system




Keller, Helen




Law




Lawyer for the situation




Legal ethics




Lemkin, Raphael




Loyalty oaths




Lynching




Magna Carta




Mandela, Nelson




Miranda v. Arizona




Moral status of animals




National Anti-Vivisection Society




Natural rights




Nobel Peace Prizes




Oppression




Parenting




Parole of convicted prisoners




Peace Corps




People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals




Perjury




Personal injury attorneys




Police brutality




Poll taxes




Poona Pact




Privacy




Refugees and stateless people




Rwanda genocide




Schindler, Oskar




Sentience




Singer, Peter




Slavery




Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals




South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission




Supreme Court justice selection




Supreme Court, U.S.




Three-strikes laws




Torture




United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide




United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child




United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons




Universal Declaration of Human Rights




Vegetarianism




Veterans’ rights




Victims’ rights




Vivisection




War crimes trials




Welfare programs




Welfare rights




World Society for the Protection of Animals




Zero-base ethics




War




The Art of War




Assault Weapons Ban




Biochemical weapons




Bushido




Chemical warfare




Child soldiers




Cold War




Colonialism and imperialism




Conscientious objection




Deterrence




Developing world




The Disappeared




Dresden firebombing




Geneva conventions




Genocide, frustration-aggression theory of




Globalization




Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings




Homeland defense




International law




International Monetary Fund




International Red Cross




Intervention




Iraq




Isolationism




Israeli-Palestinian conflict




Japanese American internment




Just war theory




Kosovo




Land mines




League of Nations




Limited war




Manifest destiny




Marshall Plan




Mercenary soldiers




Military ethics




Monroe Doctrine




Mutually assured destruction




National security and sovereignty




North Atlantic Treaty Organization




Nuclear arms race




Nuremberg Trials




Nussbaum, Martha




On War




Peace studies




Peacekeeping missions




Potsdam Conference




SALT treaties




Sanctions




Scorched-earth policies




Sovereignty




Terrorism




Treaty of Versailles




Truman Doctrine




Unconditional surrender




United Nations




United Nations Issues a Declaration Against Torture




Vietnam War




War




Weapons research




World Trade Organization




The Wretched of the Earth




Volume 3 Ethics & Professional Practices




Bioethics: Health, Medicine & Mortality




Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)




American Medical Association




Behavior therapy




Bioethics




Biofeedback




Biometrics




Biotechnology




Brain death




Child psychology




Cloning




Death and dying




Diagnosis




Electroshock therapy




Ethical Principles of Psychologists




Ethics of DNA analysis




Eugenics




Euthanasia




Family therapy




Freud, Sigmund




Genetic counseling




Genetic engineering




Genetic testing




Genetically modified foods




Group therapy




Health care allocation




Hippocrates




Holistic medicine




Human Genome Project




Hypnosis




Illness




Institutionalization of patients




Intelligence testing




Kevorkian, Jack




Life and death




Lobotomy




Medical bills of rights




Medical ethics




Medical insurance




Medical research




Mental illness




National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research




Opioid epidemic




Organ transplants




Pain




Principles of Medical Ethics




Principles of Medical Ethics with Annotations Especially Applicable to Psychiatry




Psychopharmacology




Quinlan, Karen Ann




Right to die




Soviet psychiatry




Stem cell research




Suicide assistance




Therapist-patient relationship




Triage




UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights




World Health Organization




Economics & Business




Accuracy in Media




Advertising




Advice columnists




Affirmative action




Agribusiness




American Federation of Labor




American Society of Newspaper Editors




Antitrust legislation




Art




Art and public policy




Betting on sports




Book banning




Bribery




Business ethics




Cell-phone etiquette




Censorship




Cheating




Children’s television




Coercion




College applications




Computer misuse




Consumerism




Corporate compensation




Corporate responsibility




Corporate scandal




Cost-benefit analysis




Downsizing




Employee safety and treatment




Ethical codes of organizations




Ethics in Accounting




Ethics Reform Act of 1989, Public Law 101-194




“Everyone does it”




Executive Order 10988




Fair Labor Standards Act




Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting




Fear in the workplace




Hiring practices




Index librorum prohibitorum




Infomercials




Information access




Inside information




Insider trading




International Labour Organisation




International Organization of Consumers Unions




Internet piracy




Journalistic entrapment




Journalistic ethics




Knights of Labor




Labor-Management Relations Act




Libel




Library Bill of Rights




Marketing




Marketing Ethics




Media ownership




Minimum-wage laws




Money laundering




Monopoly




Motion picture ratings systems




Multinational corporations




Napster




National Labor Relations Act




National Labor Union




Negligence




New York Times Co. v. Sullivan




News sources




Outsourcing




Pentagon Papers




Photojournalism




Plagiarism




Price fixing




Product safety and liability




Professional athlete incomes




Profit taking




Public’s right to know




Reality television




Redlining




Retirement funds




Sales ethics




Sedition Act of 1798




Self-regulation




Song lyrics




Stewart, Martha




Tabloid journalism




Telemarketing




Tipping




Tobacco industry




Warranties and guarantees




Whistleblowing




White-collar crime




Science, Technology & the Environment




Anthropological ethics




Artificial intelligence




Atom bomb




Atomic Energy Commission




Biodiversity




Clean Air Act




Clean Water Act




Computer crime




Computer databases




Computer technology




Conservation




Deep ecology




Deforestation




Dominion over nature, human




Earth and humanity




Earth Day




Ecology




Endangered species




Environmental ethics




Environmental movement




Environmental Protection Agency




Experimentation




Facebook




Gaia hypothesis




Gene Editing and CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)




Global warming




Green parties




Greenhouse effect




Greenpeace




Industrial research




Leopold, Aldo




Lifeboat ethics




Manhattan Project




Milgram experiment




Muir, John




National Park System, U.S.




Nature Conservancy Council




Nature, rights of




Nazi science




“Not in my backyard”




Nuclear energy




Nuclear Regulatory Commission




Pollution




Pollution permits




Population Connection




Population control




Rain forests




Robotics




Science




Sierra Club




Silent Spring




Social media




Sociobiology




Sustainability of resources




Technology




Toxic waste




Union of Concerned Scientists




Virtual reality




Walden




Wilderness Act of 1964




Volume 4 Ethics & Human Identities




Religion & Ethics




Abu Bakr




Abu Hanifah




Ahimsa




Akbar the Great




Ali ibn Abi Talib




Asceticism




Asoka




Augustine, Saint




Aurobindo, Sri




Avalokitesvara




Averroës




Avicenna




Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda




Bhagavadgita




Bodhidharma




Bodhisattva ideal




Bonhoeffer, Dietrich




Buber, Martin




Buddha




Buddhist ethics




Bukhari, al-




Butler, Joseph




Calvin, John




Christian ethics




Church-state separation




Dalai Lama




Dignity




Divine command theory




Divorce




Dogen




Edwards, Jonathan




Ethical monotheism




Evil




Faith healers




al-Farabi




Farrakhan, Louis




Fatima




Five precepts of Buddhism




Four noble truths




al-Ghazali




God




Godparents




Gluttony




Guilt and shame




Hadith




al-Hallaj




Hartshorne, Charles




Hasidism




Hebrew Bible




Hindu ethics




Holy war




Huineng




Husayn




Ibn al-’Arabi




Ibn Gabirol




Ibn Khaldun




Islamic ethics




Jain ethics




James, William




Jesus Christ




Jewish ethics




Jihad




Kabbala




Karma




Kierkegaard, Soren




al-Kindi




Kukai




Laziness




Lust




Luther, Martin




Lying




Madhyamaka




Manichaeanism




Marriage




Messianism




Moses




Mozi




Muhammad




Mysticism




Nagarjuna




Nanak




Narcissism




Niebuhr, H. Richard




Niebuhr, Reinhold




Nirvana




Philo of Alexandria




“Playing god” in medical decision making




Promiscuity




Qur’an




Rabi’ah al-’Adawiyah




al-Razi




Religion




Religion and violence




Roman Catholic priests scandal




Rumi, Jalal al-Din




Sankara




Scientology




Self-righteousness




Shari’a




Shi’a




Shinran




Shinto ethics




Sikh ethics




Sin




Sufism




Sunnis




Taboos




Talmud




Televangelists




Temptation




Ten Commandments




Torah




Tutu, Desmond




Tzaddik




Upanisads




Vardhamana




Vedanta




Vice




Xunzi




Zen




Zoroastrian ethics




Gender, Sexuality & Reproduction




Abortion




Abuse




Adultery




Agreement for the Suppression of White Slave Traffic




Birth control




Birth defects




Butler, Judith




Cesarean sections




Ecofeminism




Equal pay for equal work




Equal Rights Amendment




The Feminine Mystique




Feminist ethics




Gay rights




Gender bias




Griswold v. Connecticut




Homosexuality




In vitro fertilization




Incest




League of Women Voters




MacKinnon, Catharine A.




Mapplethorpe, Robert




Men’s movement




National LGBTQ Task Force




National Organization for Women




Pornography




Premarital sex




Pro-choice movement




Pro-life movement




Prostitution




Rape




Rape and political domination




Right to life




Roe v. Wade




The Second Sex




Sexism




Sexual abuse and harassment




Sexual orientation and gender identity




Sexual revolution




Sexual stereotypes




Sexuality and sexual ethics




Sexually transmitted diseases




Sperm banks




Stanton, Elizabeth Cady




Sterilization of women




Stonewall Inn riots




Suffrage




Surrogate motherhood




Title IX




Wage discrimination




Wollstonecraft, Mary




Women’s ethics




Women’s liberation movement




Race, Ethnicity & Tribalism




Abolition




Alienation




Anger




Anti-Semitism




Apartheid




Apologizing for past wrongs




Behaviorism




Bigotry




Black Lives Matter




Brown v. Board of Education




Bystanders




Compromise




Confidentiality




Conflict of interest




Conflict resolution




Corruption




Cruelty




Diversity




Dress codes




Drug abuse




Drug testing




Electronic mail




Elitism




Envy




Ethnic cleansing




Ethnocentrism




Evers, Medgar




Genocide, cultural




Gossip




Grotius, Hugo




Hate




Heschel, Abraham Joshua




Hypocrisy




Integration




Internet chat rooms




Jealousy




King, Martin Luther, Jr.




Ku Klux Klan




Mass incarceration of African Americans and other ethnic minorities




Multiculturalism




Nation of Islam




National Association for the Advancement of Colored People




Native American genocide




Pan-Africanism




Paternalism




Peltier conviction




Plessy v. Ferguson




Pogroms




Racial prejudice




Racial profiling




Racism




Reparations for past social wrongs




Resumés




Revenge




Reverse racism




Scott v. Sandford




Scottsboro case




Segregation




Self-deception




Self-interest




Selfishness




Suicide




Tolerance




Unarmed black killings by whites in the twenty-first century




Uncle Tom’s Cabin




Violence




Washington, Booker T.




Zionism




Hope, Happiness & the Future




Common good




Compassion




Conscience




Courage




Custom




Desire




Dignity




Etiquette




Family




Family values




Forgiveness




Freedom and liberty




Friendship




Future generations




Generosity




Gratitude




Heroism




Honesty




Honor




Honor systems and codes




Humanism




Humility




Individualism




Integrity




Justice




Life, meaning of




Loyalty




Mentoring




Mercy




Needs and wants




Obedience




Passions and emotions




Patriotism




Personal relationships




Pride




Promises




Prudence




Public interest




Reconciliation




Role models




Self-control




Self-love




Self-preservation




Self-respect




Service to others




Social justice and responsibility




Temperance




Trustworthiness




Virtue




Wisdom




Appendixes



Bibliography


Biographical Directory


Glossary


Nobel Peace Prize Winners


Organizations


Time Line of Primary Works in Moral and Ethical Philosophy


Indexes



List of Entries by Category