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Milestone Documents of American Leaders

Abigail Adams: Original Analysis

Abigail Adams’s Letter to John Adams (1774): Document Text

Abigail Adams’s Letter to John Adams (1776): Document Text

Abigail Adams’s Letter to John Quincy Adams: Document Text

Abigail Adams’s Letter to Lucy Cranch: Document Text

Abigail Adams’s Letter to Thomas Boylston Adams: Document Text

John Adams: Original Analysis

“Letters of Novanglus”: Document Text

Thoughts on Government: Document Text

The Report of a Constitution, or Form of Government, for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Document Text

A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America: Document Text

Inaugural Address: Document Text

John Quincy Adams: Original Analysis

John Quincy Adams’s Diary Entries on the Adams-Onís Treaty: Document Text

John Quincy Adams’s Diary Entries on the Monroe Doctrine">Document Text

John Quincy Adams’s First Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

John Quincy Adams’s Jubilee of the Constitution Address: Document Text

John Quincy Adams’s Congressional Debate over Motion for Censure">Document Text

John Quincy Adams’s Address to Constituents at Braintree">Document Text

Samuel Adams: Original Analysis

Samuel Adams’s Instructions to Boston’s Representatives: Document Text

Samuel Adams’s “CANDIDUS”: Document Text

Samuel Adams’s Letter to James Warren: Document Text

Samuel Adams’s Letter to Noah Webster: Document Text

Samuel Adams’s Letter to Richard Henry Lee">Document Text

Samuel Adams’s Massachusetts Ratifying Convention Speeches: Document Text

Samuel Adams’s Address to the Massachusetts Legislature">Document Text

Jane Addams: Original Analysis

Jane Addams’s “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements”: Document Text

Jane Addams’s “A Modern Lear”: Document Text

Jane Addams’s “Passing of the War Virtues”: Document Text

Jane Addams’s “Why Women Should Vote”: Document Text

Susan B. Anthony: Original Analysis

Susan B. Anthony’s Letters Concerning Casting a Vote in the 1872 Federal Election: Document Text

Susan B. Anthony’s “Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?”: Document Text

Susan B. Anthony’s “The Status of Woman, Past, Present, and Future”: Document Text

Susan B. Anthony’s Nineteenth Amendment: Document Text

Ella Baker: Original Analysis

Ella Baker’s “Bigger than a Hamburger”: Document Text

Ella Baker’s “The Black Woman in the Civil Rights Struggle”: Document Text

Ella Baker’s “Developing Community Leadership”: Document Text

“Ella Baker: Organizing for Civil Rights”: Document Text

Hugo Black: Original Analysis

Hugo Black’s Opinion in Korematsu v. United States: Document Text

Hugo Black’s Opinion in Adamson v. California">Document Text

Hugo Black’s Opinion in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer: Document Text

Hugo Black’s Opinion in Gideon v. Wainwright: Document Text

Hugo Black’s Opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut: Document Text

Harry Blackmun: Original Analysis

Harry Blackmun’s Opinion in Roe v. Wade">Document Text

Harry Blackmun’s Opinion in Beal v. Doe">Document Text

Harry Blackmun’s Opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick: Document Text

Harry Blackmun’s Opinion in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services: Document Text

Harry Blackmun’s Opinion in Callins v. Collins: Document Text

Louis D. Brandeis: Original Analysis

Louis D. Brandeis’s “The Opportunity in the Law”: Document Text

Louis D. Brandeis’s “The Greatest Life Insurance Wrong”: Document Text

Louis D. Brandeis’s “The Jewish Problem: How to Solve It”: Document Text

Louis D. Brandeis’s Opinion in Whitney v. California">Document Text

Louis D. Brandeis’s Opinion in Olmstead v. United States: Document Text

William J. Brennan, Jr.: Original Analysis

William J. Brennan, Jr.’s Opinion in Baker v. Carr: Document Text

William J. Brennan, Jr.’s Opinion in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan: Document Text

William J. Brennan, Jr.’s Opinion in Craig v. Boren: Document Text

William J. Brennan, Jr.’s Opinion in Texas v. Johnson: Document Text

William Jennings Bryan: Original Analysis

William Jennings Bryan’s Speech to Congress on Tariff Reform: Document Text

William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech: Document Text

William Jennings Bryan’s Speech at the Scopes Trial: Document Text

James Buchanan: Original Analysis

James Buchanan’s Remarks to Congress on Slavery: Document Text

James Buchanan’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

James Buchanan’s Fourth Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Warren E. Burger: Original Analysis

Warren E. Burger’s Opinion in Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics: Document Text

Warren E. Burger’s Opinion in United States v. Nixon: Document Text

Warren E. Burger’s Opinion in Milliken v. Bradley: Document Text

Aaron Burr: Original Analysis

Aaron Burr’s Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate">Document Text

Aaron Burr’s Deciphered Letter to General James Wilkinson: Document Text

Aaron Burr’s Address to the Court on Innocence of Treason: Document Text

Aaron Burr’s Motion to the Court to Limit Prosecution Evidence">Document Text

The Private Journal of Aaron Burr: Document Text

George W. Bush">Original Analysis

George W. Bush’s Remarks on Signing the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act: Document Text

George W. Bush’s Address on the Terrorist Attacks of September 11: Document Text

George W. Bush’s Second State of the Union Address: Document Text

George W. Bush’s Address to the Nation on Military Operations in Iraq: Document Text

George W. Bush’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

Robert C. Byrd: Original Analysis

Robert C. Byrd’s Line-Item Veto Speech XIV: Document Text

Robert C. Byrd’s “We Stand Passively Mute” Speech: Document Text

Robert C. Byrd’s “The Emperor Has No Clothes” Speech: Document Text

John C. Calhoun: Original Analysis

John C. Calhoun’s “On the Second Resolution Reported by the Committee on Foreign Relations”: Document Text

John C. Calhoun’s “On the Relation Which the States and General Government Bear to Each Other”: Document Text

John C. Calhoun’s “To the People of the United States”: Document Text

John C. Calhoun’s “On the Reception of Abolition Petitions”: Document Text

John C. Calhoun’s “On His Resolutions in Reference to the War with Mexico”: Document Text

John C. Calhoun’s “On the Slavery Question”: Document Text

Salmon P. Chase">Original Analysis

Salmon P. Chase’s Reclamation of Fugitives from Service">Document Text

Salmon P. Chase’s “Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States”: Document Text

Salmon P. Chase’s Opinion in Texas v. White">Document Text

César Chávez: Original Analysis

César Chávez’s The Plan of Delano: Document Text

César Chávez’s Address to the Seventh Constitutional Convention of the United Farm Workers of America">Document Text

César Chávez’s Wrath of Grapes Speech">Document Text

Shirley Chisholm: Original Analysis

Shirley Chisholm’s Speech in Favor of the Equal Rights Amendment: Document Text

Shirley Chisholm’s Announcement of Candidacy for the Democratic Nomination for President: Document Text

Shirley Chisholm’s “The Black Woman in Contemporary America”: Document Text

Henry Clay: Original Analysis

Henry Clay’s Speech on the Bill to Raise an Additional Military Force: Document Text

Henry Clay’s Speech on South American Independence: Document Text

Henry Clay’s Letter to the Editors of the Washington National Intelligencer on Texas Annexation: Document Text

Henry Clay’s Remarks on the Compromise of 1850 Resolutions: Document Text

Grover Cleveland">Original Analysis

Grover Cleveland’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Grover Cleveland’s “Principles above Spoils” Letter: Document Text

Grover Cleveland’s Special Session Message to Congress on the Economic Crisis: Document Text

Grover Cleveland’s Message to Congress on Hawaiian Sovereignty: Document Text

Grover Cleveland’s Fourth Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Bill Clinton: Original Analysis

Bill Clinton’s First Inaugural Address

Bill Clinton’s Remarks on Signing the North American Free Trade Agreement

Bill Clinton’s Remarks on Signing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act

Bill Clinton’s Remarks at Annual Prayer Breakfast

Bill Clinton’s Farewell Address

Jefferson Davis: Original Analysis

Jefferson Davis’s Resolutions to the U.S. Senate on the Relations of States: Document Text

Jefferson Davis’s Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate: Document Text

Jefferson Davis’s Preface to The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government: Document Text

Eugene V. Debs: Original Analysis

Eugene V. Debs’s “Liberty”: Document Text

Eugene V. Debs’s “How I Became a Socialist”: Document Text

Eugene V. Debs’s Speech to the Founding Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World">Document Text

Eugene V. Debs’s Antiwar Speech">Document Text

Everett Dirksen: Original Analysis

Everett Dirksen’s Observations on His Sixty-eighth Birth Anniversary: Document Text

Everett Dirksen’s Good Government Award Acceptance Speech: Document Text

Everett Dirksen’s “An Idea Whose Time Has Come” Speech: Document Text

Everett Dirksen’s Definition of Freedom: Document Text

Everett Dirksen’s Final Spring Address: Document Text

Stephen A. Douglas: Original Analysis

Stephen A. Douglas’s Speech Defending the Compromise of 1850: Document Text

Stephen A. Douglas’s First Speech of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Document Text

William O. Douglas: Original Analysis

William O. Douglas’s Opinion in Dennis v. United States: Document Text

William O. Douglas’s Opinion in Mapp v. Ohio: Document Text

William O. Douglas’s Opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut: Document Text

William O. Douglas’s Opinion in Sierra Club v. Morton: Document Text

William O. Douglas’s Opinion in Furman v. Georgia">Document Text

Frederick Douglass: Original Analysis

Frederick Douglass’s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Document Text

Frederick Douglass’s Letter “To My Old Master”: Document Text

Frederick Douglass’s “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” Speech;: Document Text

Frederick Douglass’s “Our National Capital” Lecture;: Document Text

W. E. B. Du Bois: Original Analysis

W. E. B. Du Bois’s “Strivings of the Negro People”: Document Text

W. E. B. Du Bois’s “The Parting of the Ways”: Document Text

W. E. B. Du Bois’s “Agitation”: Document Text

W. E. B. Du Bois’s “Returning Soldiers”: Document Text

W. E. B. Du Bois’s “Marxism and the Negro Problem”: Document Text

Allen Dulles: Original Analysis

Allen Dulles’s “The Present Situation in Germany”: Document Text

Allen Dulles’s Television Interview on the Soviets’ Intentions: Document Text

Allen Dulles’s Address on the Soviet Military Threat: Document Text

John Foster Dulles: Original Analysis

John Foster Dulles’s Radio and Television Address on Communism in Guatemala">Document Text

John Foster Dulles’s Address to the United Nations on the Suez Crisis: Document Text

John Foster Dulles’s Address on U.S. Policy toward Communist China">Document Text

John Foster Dulles’s News Conference on U.S. Relations with Latin American Nations: Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower: Original Analysis

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s “Cross of Iron” Speech">Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace Speech">Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Special Address to Congress on the Eisenhower Doctrine">Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address: Document Text

Stephen J. Field">Original Analysis

Stephen J. Field’s Opinion in Cummings v. Missouri">Document Text

Stephen J. Field’s Opinion in Munn v. Illinois: Document Text

Stephen J. Field’s Opinion in Ho Ah Kow v. Nunan: Document Text

Stephen J. Field’s “The Centenary of the Supreme Court of the United States”: Document Text

Felix Frankfurter: Original Analysis

Felix Frankfurter’s Opinion in Minersville School District v. Gobitis: Document Text

Felix Frankfurter’s Opinion in Colegrove v. Green: Document Text

Felix Frankfurter’s Opinion in Cooper v. Aaron: Document Text

Felix Frankfurter’s Opinion in Gomillion v. Lightfoot: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin: Original Analysis

Benjamin Franklin’s “A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s “Exporting of Felons to the Colonies”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s “The Way to Wealth”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s “Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s “The Sale of the Hessians”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s Speech at the Conclusion of the Constitutional Convention: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s “An Address to the Public”: Document Text

Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography: Document Text

Margaret Fuller: Original Analysis

Margaret Fuller’s “A Short Essay on Critics”: Document Text

Margaret Fuller’s Summer on the Lakes, in 1843: Document Text

Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth Century: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison: Original Analysis

William Lloyd Garrison’s “To the Public”: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison’s “The Triumph of Mobocracy in Boston”: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison’s “Declaration of Sentiments Adopted by the Peace Convention”: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison’s “Address to the Friends of Freedom and Emancipation in the United States”: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison’s Speech Relating to the Execution of John Brown: Document Text

William Lloyd Garrison’s Valedictory Editorial: Document Text

Elbridge Gerry: Original Analysis

Elbridge Gerry’s Letter to the Massachusetts Legislature on the U.S. Constitution: Document Text

Elbridge Gerry’s First Reply to “A Landholder”: Document Text

Elbridge Gerry’s Second Reply to “A Landholder”: Document Text

Elbridge Gerry’s Letter to the Electors of Middlesex: Document Text

Elbridge Gerry’s Speech on Paying Revolutionary War Debts: Document Text

Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Original Analysis

Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s Opinion in United States v. Virginia">Document Text

Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s Opinion in Friends of the Earth, Inc. et al. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.: Document Text

Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s Opinion in Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart: Document Text

Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s Opinion in Eldred v. Ashcroft: Document Text

Emma Goldman: Original Analysis

Emma Goldman’s “Anarchism: What It Really Stands For”: Document Text

Emma Goldman’s “The Psychology of Political Violence”: Document Text

Emma Goldman’s “Marriage and Love”: Document Text

Emma Goldman’s Speech against Conscription and War: Document Text

Barry Goldwater: Original Analysis

Barry Goldwater’s Acceptance Speech for the Presidential Nomination of the Republican Party: Document Text

Barry Goldwater’s Address to the Republican National Convention: Document Text

Samuel Gompers: Original Analysis

Samuel Gompers’s Address to Workers in Louisville, Kentucky: Document Text

Samuel Gompers’s Editorial on the Pullman Strike">Document Text

Samuel Gompers’s Editorial on the Supreme Court Ruling in the Danbury Hatters’ Case">Document Text

Samuel Gompers’s Circular to the Organizers of the American Federation of Labor: Document Text

Samuel Gompers’s Address to the Annual Meeting of the National Civic Federation: Document Text

Al Gore">Original Analysis

Al Gore’s High-Performance Computing Act of 1991: Document Text

Al Gore’s “From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less”: Document Text

Al Gore’s Address to the 1996 Democratic National Convention: Document Text

Al Gore’s 2000 Concession Speech">Document Text

Billy Graham: Original Analysis

Billy Graham’s “The Flame of Political Dilemma”: Document Text

Billy Graham’s “The Coming Storm”: Document Text

Billy Graham’s “The Winds of Change”: Document Text

Billy Graham’s “When Life Turns against Us”: Document Text

Billy Graham’s “A Final Word from Billy Graham”: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant: Original Analysis

Ulysses S. Grant’s Letter to William Tecumseh Sherman: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s Final Report of Military Operations: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s Special Message to Congress Announcing Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s Sixth Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s Special Message to the Senate on Unrest in Louisiana">Document Text

Ulysses S. Grant’s Letter to Daniel H. Chamberlain: Document Text

Alexander Hamilton: Original Analysis

Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist 84: Document Text

Alexander Hamilton’s “First Report on Public Credit”: Document Text

Alexander Hamilton’s “Against an Alliance with France”: Document Text

Alexander Hamilton’s Letter to Harrison Gray Otis on Westward Expansion: Document Text

John Hancock: Original Analysis

John Hancock’s Boston Massacre Oration: Document Text

John Hancock’s Address to the Ratification Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Document Text

John Hancock’s Address to the General Court of Boston: Document Text

John Marshall Harlan: Original Analysis

John Marshall Harlan’s Opinion in the Civil Rights Cases: Document Text

John Marshall Harlan’s Opinion Hurtado v. California">Document Text

John Marshall Harlan’s Opinion Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co.: Document Text

John Marshall Harlan’s Opinion Plessy v. Ferguson: Document Text

Patrick Henry: Original Analysis

Patrick Henry’s Resolutions in Opposition to the Stamp Act: Document Text

Patrick Henry’s Letter to Robert Pleasants, a Quaker, Concerning Slavery: Document Text

Patrick Henry’s Speech to the First Continental Congress: Document Text

Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Virginia Revolutionary Convention in Opposition to the Intolerable Acts: Document Text

Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Virginia Convention Opposing the Constitution: Document Text

Patrick Henry’s Election Speech at Charlotte Court House">Document Text

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.: Original Analysis

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s “Early Forms of Liability”: Document Text

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Lochner v. New York: Document Text

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Schenck v. United States: Document Text

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Abrams v. United States: Document Text

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Buck v. Bell: Document Text

Herbert Hoover: Original Analysis

Herbert Hoover’s “Rugged Individualism” Campaign Speech">Document Text

Herbert Hoover’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

Herbert Hoover’s Kellogg-Briand Pact Proclamation: Document Text

Herbert Hoover’s Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Herbert Hoover’s “The Consequences of the Proposed New Deal”: Document Text

J. Edgar Hoover: Original Analysis

J. Edgar Hoover’s Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee">Document Text

J. Edgar Hoover’s Letter to Harry Truman’s Special Consultant, Sidney Souers: Document Text

J. Edgar Hoover’s Memo on the Leak of Vietnam War Information: Document Text

J. Edgar Hoover’s Memo on Martin Luther King">Document Text

J. Edgar Hoover’s Memo on Abbott Howard Hoffman: Document Text

Charles Hamilton Houston: Original Analysis

Charles Hamilton Houston’s “Educational Inequalities Must Go ”: Document Text

Charles Hamilton Houston’s Petition in Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada">Document Text

Charles Hamilton Houston’s Petition in Hurd v. Hodge">Document Text

Sam Houston: Original Analysis

Sam Houston’s Inaugural Address as President of the Republic of Texas: Document Text

Sam Houston’s Speech Supporting the Compromise of 1850: Document Text

Sam Houston’s Speech Opposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act: Document Text

Sam Houston’s Speech on Refusal to Take the Oath of Loyalty to the Confederacy: Document Text

Andrew Jackson: Original Analysis

Andrew Jackson’s Proclamation Regarding the Opening of U.S. Ports to British Vessels: Document Text

Andrew Jackson’s Second Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Andrew Jackson’s Veto of the Bill to Limit the Power of the Bank of the United States: Document Text

Andrew Jackson’s Proclamation to the People of South Carolina Regarding Nullification: Document Text

Jesse Jackson: Original Analysis

Jesse Jackson’s “The Struggle Continues”: Document Text

Jesse Jackson’s “The Fight for Civil Rights Continues”: Document Text

Robert H. Jackson: Original Analysis

Robert H. Jackson’s “The Federal Prosecutor”: Document Text

Robert H. Jackson’s Opinion in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette">Document Text

Robert H. Jackson’s Opening Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany: Document Text

Robert H. Jackson’s Closing Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany: Document Text

John Jay: Original Analysis

John Jay’s Letter to George Washington: Document Text

John Jay’s “Circular-Letter from Congress to Their Constituents”: Document Text

John Jay’s Federalist 2–5 and 64: Document Text

John Jay’s “Charge to the Grand Juries”: Document Text

John Jay’s Draft of the Proclamation of Neutrality: Document Text

Thomas Jefferson: Original Analysis

Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence">Document Text

Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom: Document Text

Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Thomas Jefferson’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

Andrew Johnson: Original Analysis

Andrew Johnson’s First Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

Andrew Johnson’s Veto of the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill: Document Text

Andrew Johnson’s Veto of the Civil Rights Act: Document Text

Lyndon Baines Johnson: Original Analysis

Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Assuming the Presidency: Document Text

Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Commencement Address at the University of Michigan: Document Text

Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Remarks on the Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Document Text

Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Civil Rights: Document Text

Barbara Jordan: Original Analysis

Barbara Jordan’s “The Constitutional Basis for Impeachment”: Document Text

Barbara Jordan’s “Who Then Will Speak for the Common Good?”: Document Text

Barbara Jordan’s “Change">From What to What?”: Document Text

George F. Kennan: Original Analysis

George F. Kennan’s “Long Telegram”: Document Text

George F. Kennan’s “The Sources of Soviet Conduct”: Document Text

George F. Kennan’s “PPS/23: Review of Current Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy”: Document Text

George F. Kennan’s “Introducing Eugene McCarthy”: Document Text

George F. Kennan’s “A Modest Proposal”: Document Text

John F. Kennedy: Original Analysis

John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

John F. Kennedy’s Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba">Document Text

John F. Kennedy’s Report to the American People on Civil Rights: Document Text

Robert F. Kennedy: Original Analysis

Robert F. Kennedy’s Tribute to John F. Kennedy at the Democratic National Convention: Document Text

Robert F. Kennedy’s Day of Affirmation Address at the University of Cape Town: Document Text

Robert F. Kennedy’s Address at the University of California, Berkeley: Document Text

Robert F. Kennedy’s Remarks on the Death of Martin Luther King">Document Text

Martin Luther King, Jr.: Original Analysis

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”: Document Text

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” Speech">Document Text

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Speech in Opposition to the Vietnam War: Document Text

Robert La Follette">Original Analysis

Robert La Follette’s Speech on the Amendment of National Banking Laws: Document Text

Robert La Follette’s Speech Opposing War with Germany: Document Text

Robert La Follette’s Platform of the Conference for Progressive Political Action: Document Text

Robert E. Lee">Original Analysis

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Mary Lee">Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Custis Lee">Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Jefferson Davis (1862): Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Jefferson Davis (1863): Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Jefferson Davis (1864): Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s Letter to Andrew Hunter: Document Text

Robert E. Lee’s General Order No. 9: Document Text

Abraham Lincoln: Original Analysis

Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” Speech">Document Text

Abraham Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: Document Text

Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

Henry Cabot Lodge">Original Analysis

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Speech on the Retention of the Philippine Islands: Document Text

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Speech on Mexico: Document Text

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Speech on President Woodrow Wilson’s Plan for a World Peace">Document Text

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Speech Opposing the League of Nations: Document Text

Huey Long">Original Analysis

Huey Long’s “Every Man a King” Address: Document Text

Huey Long’s “Share Our Wealth” Address: Document Text

Huey Long’s “Our Growing Calamity” Address: Document Text

James Madison: Original Analysis

James Madison’s “Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments”: Document Text

James Madison’s Speech on the New Jersey Plan to the Constitutional Convention: Document Text

James Madison’s Federalist 10: Document Text

James Madison’s Speech to the House of Representatives Proposing a Bill of Rights: Document Text

James Madison’s Virginia Resolutions: Document Text

James Madison’s “Advice to My Country”: Document Text

Malcolm X: Original Analysis

Malcolm X’s “Message to the Grass Roots”: Document Text

Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or the Bullet” Speech">Document Text

George Marshall: Original Analysis

George Marshall’s Speech to the American Historical Association on the National Organization for War: Document Text

George Marshall’s Speech to the Graduating Class of the U.S. Military Academy: Document Text

George Marshall’s Washington’s Birthday Remarks at Princeton University: Document Text

George Marshall’s Marshall Plan Speech">Document Text

George Marshall’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech">Document Text

John Marshall: Original Analysis

John Marshall’s Opinion in Marbury v. Madison: Document Text

John Marshall’s Opinion in McCulloch v. Maryland">Document Text

John Marshall’s Opinion in Gibbons v. Ogden: Document Text

Thurgood Marshall: Original Analysis

Thurgood Marshall’s Opinion in Grayned v. City of Rockford">Document Text

Thurgood Marshall’s Opinion in Furman v. Georgia">Document Text

Thurgood Marshall’s Opinion in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke">Document Text

Thurgood Marshall’s Opinion in Florida v. Bostick: Document Text

George Mason: Original Analysis

George Mason’s Letter to the Committee of Merchants in London: Document Text

George Mason’s Fairfax County Resolves: Document Text

George Mason’s Virginia Declaration of Rights: Document Text

George Mason’s “Objections to This Constitution of Government”: Document Text

Joseph McCarthy: Original Analysis

Joseph McCarthy’s “Enemies from Within” Speech">Document Text

Joseph McCarthy’s Telegram to President Harry S. Truman: Document Text

Joseph McCarthy’s Letter to President Dwight Eisenhower: Document Text

William McKinley: Original Analysis

William McKinley’s Message to Congress about Intervention in Cuba">Document Text

William McKinley’s “Benevolent Assimilation” Proclamation: Document Text

William McKinley’s Home Market Club Speech">Document Text

William McKinley’s Last Speech">Document Text

James Monroe">Original Analysis

James Monroe’s Address to the National Convention of France">Document Text

James Monroe’s Second Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

James Monroe’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

James Monroe’s Seventh Annual Message to Congress: Document Text

James Monroe’s Special Message to the Senate on the Slave Trade Convention with Great Britain: Document Text

Richard M. Nixon: Original Analysis

Richard M. Nixon’s “Checkers” Speech">Document Text

Richard M. Nixon’s “Kitchen” Debate with Nikita Khrushchev: Document Text

Richard M. Nixon’s Resignation Address to the Nation: Document Text

Barack Obama">Original Analysis

Barack Obama’s Keynote Address at the Democratic National Convention: Document Text

Barack Obama’s “A More Perfect Union”: Document Text

Barack Obama’s “The American Promise”: Document Text

Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

Sandra Day O’Connor: Original Analysis

Sandra Day O’Connor’s Opinion in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services: Document Text

Sandra Day O’Connor’s Opinion in Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission: Document Text

Sandra Day O’Connor’s Opinion in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris: Document Text

Sandra Day O’Connor’s Opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger: Document Text

J. Robert Oppenheimer: Original Analysis

J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Memorandum to Brigadier General Thomas Farrell on the Radiological Dangers of a Nuclear Detonation: Document Text

J. Robert Oppenheimer’s Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy: Document Text

J. Robert Oppenheimer’s General Advisory Committee’s Report on the Building of the H-Bomb">Document Text

Thomas Paine">Original Analysis

Thomas Paine’s The Crisis, No. 1: Document Text

Thomas Paine’s The Crisis, No. 4: Document Text

Ely Parker: Original Analysis

Ely Parker’s Report on Indian Affairs to the War Department: Document Text

Ely Parker’s Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs: Document Text

Ely Parker’s Letter of Resignation as Commissioner of Indian Affairs: Document Text

Ely Parker’s Letter to Harriet Maxwell Converse about Indian Policy Reform: Document Text

Alice Paul: Original Analysis

Alice Paul’s Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee">Document Text

Alice Paul’s Equal Rights Amendment: Document Text

Alice Paul’s “Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights Amendment”: Document Text

Frances Perkins: Original Analysis

Frances Perkins’s “Social Insurance for U.S.” Radio Address: Document Text

Frances Perkins’s “What You Really Want Is an Autopsy”: Opening Remarks to the Tristate Silicosis Conference">Document Text

Frances Perkins’s “City Diets and Democracy”: Document Text

Frances Perkins’s “Three Decades: A History of the Department of Labor”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips: Original Analysis

Wendell Phillips’s “The Murder of Lovejoy”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips’s “The Philosophy of the Abolition Movement”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips’s “Crispus Attucks”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips’s “The Puritan Principle and John Brown”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips’s “Under the Flag”: Document Text

Wendell Phillips’s “The Foundation of the Labor Movement”: Document Text

James Polk: Original Analysis

James Polk’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

James Polk’s Message to Congress on War with Mexico: Document Text

James Polk’s Farewell Message to Congress: Document Text

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: Original Analysis

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.’s Speech on Civil Rights: Document Text

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.’s “Black Power: A Form of Godly Power”: Document Text

Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.’s “Black Power and the Future of Black America”: Document Text

Colin Powell: Original Analysis

Colin Powell’s “U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead”: Document Text

Colin Powell’s Remarks to the United Nations Security Council: Document Text

Colin Powell’s Opening Remarks on Intelligence Reform before the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee">Document Text

Ronald Reagan: Original Analysis

Ronald Reagan’s “A Time for Choosing” Speech">Document Text

Ronald Reagan’s Remarks at the Republican National Convention: Document Text

Ronald Reagan’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Ronald Reagan’s “Evil Empire” Speech">Document Text

Ronald Reagan’s Letter to the American People about Alzheimer’s Disease">Document Text

William Rehnquist: Original Analysis

William Rehnquist’s Opinion in Roe v. Wade">Document Text

William Rehnquist’s Opinion in United States v. Lopez: Document Text

William Rehnquist’s Opinion in George W. Bush et al. v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al.: Document Text

Walter Reuther: Original Analysis

Walter Reuther’s “500 Planes a Day” Speech">Document Text

Walter Reuther’s National Hour Radio Address on Inflation: Document Text

Walter Reuther’s “The Guaranteed Annual Wage” Address: Document Text

Walter Reuther’s Address before the Annual Convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">Document Text

Walter Reuther’s Address before the Berlin Freedom Rally: Document Text

Condoleezza Rice">Original Analysis

Condoleezza Rice’s Address to the Republican National Convention: Document Text

Condoleezza Rice’s “International Support for Iraqi Democracy”: Document Text

Condoleezza Rice’s “Transformational Diplomacy”: Document Text

Condoleezza Rice’s Keynote Address at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum: Document Text

Eleanor Roosevelt: Original Analysis

Eleanor Roosevelt’s “Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do”: Document Text

Eleanor Roosevelt’s Resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution: Document Text

Eleanor Roosevelt’s “The Struggle for Human Rights”: Document Text

Eleanor Roosevelt’s Remarks at the United Nations concerning Human Rights: Document Text

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Original Analysis

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address: Document Text

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “Four Freedoms” Message to Congress: Document Text

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “Second Bill of Rights” Message to Congress: Document Text

Theodore Roosevelt: Original Analysis

Theodore Roosevelt’s Letter to Oliver Wendell Holmes: Document Text

Theodore Roosevelt’s Special Message to Congress: Document Text

Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography: Document Text

Theodore Roosevelt’s Statements Pertaining to Conservation: Document Text

Theodore Roosevelt’s Speech to the New York Republican State Convention: Document Text

John Ross: Original Analysis

John Ross’s Memorial to Congress: Document Text

John Ross’s Letter to David Crockett: Document Text

John Ross’s Annual Message to the Cherokee Nation: Document Text

John Ross’s Letter to Martin Van Buren: Document Text

John Ross’s Address to the Cherokee Nation: Document Text

John Ross’s Address to a General Council of the Cherokee Nation: Document Text

Margaret Sanger: Original Analysis

Margaret Sanger’s “Sexual Impulse—Part II”: Document Text

Margaret Sanger’s “The Prevention of Conception”: Document Text

Margaret Sanger’s Hotel Brevoort Speech">Document Text

Margaret Sanger’s “Birth Control and Racial Betterment”: Document Text

William Henry Seward">Original Analysis

William Henry Seward’s Speech on the Admission of California to Statehood">Document Text

William Henry Seward’s Speech on the “Irrepressible Conflict”: Document Text

William Henry Seward’s Memorandum to President Abraham Lincoln: Document Text

Roger Sherman: Original Analysis

Roger Sherman’s “A Caveat against Injustice; or, An Inquiry into the Evils of a Fluctuating Medium of Exchange”: Document Text

Roger Sherman’s “Letters of a Countryman” (November 14, 1787): Document Text

Roger Sherman’s “Letters of a Countryman” (November 22, 1787): Document Text

Al Smith">Original Analysis

Al Smith’s Address of Acceptance of the Democratic Presidential Nomination: Document Text

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Original Analysis

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Declaration of Sentiments: Document Text

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Address to the New York Legislature">Document Text

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Speech for the Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society: Document Text

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s “Solitude of Self”: Document Text

Joseph Story: Original Analysis

Joseph Story’s Letter to Samuel P. P. Fay as “Matthew Bramble”: Document Text

Joseph Story’s Opinion in United States v. Coolidge">Document Text

Joseph Story’s “Privileges of Citizens—Fugitives—Slaves”: Document Text

Robert A. Taft: Original Analysis

Robert A. Taft’s “Equal Justice under Law: The Heritage of the English-Speaking Peoples and Their Responsibility”: Document Text

Robert A. Taft’s “The Sound Basis for Federal Aid to Education”: Document Text

Robert A. Taft’s “The Place of the President and Congress in Foreign Policy”: Document Text

Roger B. Taney: Original Analysis

Roger B. Taney’s Opinion in Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Document Text

Roger B. Taney’s Opinion in the License Cases: Document Text

Roger B. Taney’s Opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford">Document Text

Tecumseh">Original Analysis

Tecumseh’s Speech to Governor William Henry Harrison at Fort Vincennes: Document Text

Tecumseh’s Speech to Major General Henry Procter at Fort Malden: Document Text

Strom Thurmond">Original Analysis

Strom Thurmond’s Keynote Address at the States’ Rights Democratic Conference">Document Text

Strom Thurmond’s Southern Manifesto: Document Text

Harry S. Truman: Original Analysis

Harry S. Truman’s Statement Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb on Hiroshima">Document Text

Harry S. Truman’s Truman Doctrine Address to Congress: Document Text

Harry S. Truman’s Address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">Document Text

Harry S. Truman’s Inaugural Address: Document Text

Harry S. Truman’s Report to the American People on Korea">Document Text

Earl Warren: Original Analysis

Earl Warren’s Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka">Document Text

Earl Warren’s Opinion in Reynolds v. Sims: Document Text

Earl Warren’s Warren Commission Report: Document Text

Earl Warren’s Opinion in Miranda v. Arizona">Document Text

Booker T. Washington: Original Analysis

Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Exposition Address: Document Text

Booker T. Washington’s “Statement on Suffrage”: Document Text

Booker T. Washington’s “A Protest against Lynching”: Document Text

Booker T. Washington’s Letter to William Howard Taft: Document Text

Booker T. Washington’s Letter to C. Elias Winston: Document Text

George Washington: Original Analysis

George Washington’s Address to Congress on Resigning His Commission: Document Text

George Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality: Document Text

George Washington’s Farewell Address: Document Text

Daniel Webster: Original Analysis

Daniel Webster’s Second Reply to Robert Hayne">Document Text

Daniel Webster’s Speech to the Senate on the Preservation of the Union: Document Text

Ida B. Wells: Original Analysis

Ida B. Wells’s “Eight Men Lynched”: Document Text

Ida B. Wells’s The Red Record">Document Text

Ida B. Wells’s “Lynching and the Excuse for It”: Document Text

Ida B. Wells’s “Booker T. Washington and His Critics”: Document Text

Ida B. Wells’s “Lynching">Our National Crime”: Document Text

Woodrow Wilson: Original Analysis

Woodrow Wilson’s Address at Gettysburg">Document Text

Woodrow Wilson’s Address to a Joint Session of Congress on Trusts and Monopolies: Document Text

Woodrow Wilson’s Address in Support of a World League for Peace">Document Text

Woodrow Wilson’s Second Inaugural Address: Document Text

Woodrow Wilson’s War Message to Congress: Document Text

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points Speech">Document Text

Victoria Woodhull: Original Analysis

Victoria Woodhull’s Lecture on Constitutional Equality: Document Text

Victoria Woodhull’s “‘And the Truth Shall Make You Free’: A Speech on the Principles of Social Freedom”: Document Text

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Milestone Documents of American Leaders

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