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Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century

Table of Contents

Abdelkader




Muḥammad ՙAbduh




Abdülhamid II




Niels Henrik Abel




Lord Acton




Henry Adams




John Quincy Adams




Felix Adler




Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz




Louis Agassiz




Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan




Bronson Alcott




Louisa May Alcott




Alexander I




Alexander II




Horatio Alger




Ali Paşa Tepelenë




John Peter Altgeld




Hans Christian Andersen




Susan B. Anthony




Johnny Appleseed




Matthew Arnold




Thomas Arnold




Chester A. Arthur




Luise Aston




John Jacob Astor




Hubertine Auclert




John James Audubon




Jane Austen




Stephen Fuller Austin




Amedeo Avogadro




The Bāb




Charles Babbage




Sir Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell




Karl Ernst von Baer




Bahā՚ullāh




Mikhail Bakunin




Robert Baldwin




Honoré de Balzac




George Bancroft




Henry Barnard




P. T. Barnum




Sir Charles Barry




Clara Barton




Sir Edmund Barton




Charles Baudelaire




L. Frank Baum




Dorothea Beale




Aubrey Beardsley




The Becquerel Family




Catharine Beecher




Henry Ward Beecher




Ludwig van Beethoven




Emil von Behring




Alexander Graham Bell




Muḥammad Bello




James Gordon Bennett




Thomas Hart Benton




Carl Benz




Hector Berlioz




Claude Bernard




Sarah Bernhardt




Annie Besant




Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel




Sir Henry Bessemer




Friedrich von Beust




Nicholas Biddle




Ambrose Bierce




Albert Bierstadt




George Caleb Bingham




Otto von Bismarck




Georges Bizet




Black Hawk




Elizabeth Blackwell




James G. Blaine




Louis Blanc




Amelia Bloomer




Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher




Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon




Marie Anne Victorine Boivin




Simón Bolívar




Edwin Booth




William Booth




Lizzie Borden




Aleksandr Borodin




Mary Elizabeth Braddon




F. H. Bradley




Mathew B. Brady




Johannes Brahms




Louis Braille




John Bright




Sir Isaac Brock




The Brontë Sisters




Henry Brougham




George Brown




John Brown




Olympia Brown




Elizabeth Barrett Browning




Anton Bruckner




Isambard Kingdom Brunel




Marc Isambard Brunel




William Cullen Bryant




James Buchanan




Charles Bulfinch




Luther Burbank




Jacob Burckhardt




Frances Hodgson Burnett




Daniel Hudson Burnham




Aaron Burr




Sir Richard Francis Burton




Josephine Butler




Samuel Butler




Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton




Lord Byron




Frances Xavier Cabrini




Calamity Jane




Fanny Calderón de la Barca




John C. Calhoun




Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès




Alexander Campbell




George Canning




Antonio Canova




William Carey




Don Carlos




Thomas Carlyle




Andrew Carnegie




Lewis Carroll




Kit Carson




Mary Ann Shadd Cary




Mary Cassatt




Viscount Castlereagh




George Catlin




Count Cavour




George Cayley




Cetshwayo




Paul Cézanne




Edwin Chadwick




Joseph Chamberlain




William Ellery Channing




Charles XIV John




Salmon P. Chase




François-René de Chateaubriand




Anton Chekhov




Lydia Maria Child




Frédéric Chopin




Kate Chopin




Henri Christophe




Cixi




Carl von Clausewitz




Henry Clay




Grover Cleveland




DeWitt Clinton




William Cobbett




Richard Cobden




William Cody




Ferdinand Julius Cohn




Samuel Taylor Coleridge




Samuel Colt




Auguste Comte




John Constable




Jay Cooke




William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone




James Fenimore Cooper




Carolina Coronado




Gustave Courbet




Stephen Crane




Crazy Horse




David Crockett




Samuel Ajayi Crowther




Paul Cuffe




Caleb Cushing




George A. Custer




Georges Cuvier




Jacques Daguerre




Gottlieb Daimler




First Marquis of Dalhousie




John Dalton




Rubén Darío




Charles Darwin




Jacques-Louis David




Jefferson Davis




Sir Humphry Davy




Ferenc Deák




Alfred Deakin




Stephen Decatur




Richard Dedekind




Edgar Degas




Eugène Delacroix




Léo Delibes




Fourteenth Earl of Derby




George Dewey




Melvil Dewey




Porfirio Díaz




Charles Dickens




Emily Dickinson




Rudolf Diesel




Benjamin Disraeli




Dorothea Dix




Gaetano Donizetti




Fyodor Dostoevski




Stephen A. Douglas




Frederick Douglass




Sir Arthur Conan Doyle




James Buchanan Duke




Alexandre Dumas, père




Jean-Henri Dunant




Paul Laurence Dunbar




Eleuthère Irénée du Pont




First Earl of Durham




Antonín Dvořák




James Buchanan Eads




Thomas Eakins




Wyatt Earp




Mary Baker Eddy




Maria Edgeworth




Thomas Alva Edison




Gustave Eiffel




Charles William Eliot




George Eliot




Fanny Elssler




Ralph Waldo Emerson




Friedrich Engels




Sir Arthur Evans




Louis Faidherbe




Michael Faraday




David G. Farragut




Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett




Gustav Theodor Fechner




Marshall Field




Stephen J. Field




Millard Fillmore




Gustave Flaubert




Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming




Edwin Forrest




William Edward Forster




Charlotte Forten




Abby Kelley Foster




Stephen Collins Foster




Charles Fourier




Joseph Fourier




Lydia Folger Fowler




Anatole France




Francis Joseph I




César Franck




Sir John Franklin




Gottlob Frege




John C. Frémont




Friedrich Froebel




Elizabeth Fry




Margaret Fuller




Robert Fulton




James Gadsden




Matilda Joslyn Gage




Albert Gallatin




Évariste Galois




Francis Galton




Léon Gambetta




James A. Garfield




Giuseppe Garibaldi




William Lloyd Garrison




Paul Gauguin




Carl Friedrich Gauss




Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac




George IV




Henry George




Théodore Géricault




Sophie Germain




Geronimo




Gia Long




James Gibbons




Josiah Willard Gibbs




W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan




Vincenzo Gioberti




William Ewart Gladstone




August von Gneisenau




Vincent van Gogh




Nikolai Gogol




Sir George Goldie




Samuel Gompers




Charles Goodyear




Charles George Gordon




Charles Gounod




William Gilbert Grace




Ulysses S. Grant




Asa Gray




Horace Greeley




Thomas Hill Green




Francis Greenway




Charles Grey




Sir George Grey




Edvard Grieg




Sarah and Angelina Grimké




Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm




Sir William Robert Grove




Sir Robert Abbott Hadfield




Ernst Haeckel




H. Rider Haggard




Samuel Hahnemann




Sarah Josepha Hale




Sir William Rowan Hamilton




Marcus A. Hanna




Karl von Hardenberg




Keir Hardie




Thomas Hardy




William Rainey Harper




Joel Chandler Harris




Benjamin Harrison




Frederic Harrison




William Henry Harrison




Nathaniel Hawthorne




John Hay




Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden




Rutherford B. Hayes




Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel




Heinrich Heine




Hermann von Helmholtz




Felicia Dorothea Hemans




Joseph Henry




O. Henry




Aleksandr Herzen




Theodor Herzl




Wild Bill Hickok




Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla




Thomas Wentworth Higginson




James Jerome Hill




Octavia Hill




Hiroshige




Ho Xuan Huong




John Philip Holland




Oliver Wendell Holmes




Friedrich von Holstein




Winslow Homer




Hong Xiuquan




Sam Houston




Elias Howe




Julia Ward Howe




Samuel Gridley Howe




Margaret Lindsay Huggins




Victor Hugo




Alexander von Humboldt




Engelbert Humperdinck




William Holman Hunt




Thomas Henry Huxley




Henrik Ibsen




Ii Naosuke




Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres




Henry Irving




Washington Irving




Isabella II




Itō Hirobumi




Andrew Jackson




Helen Hunt Jackson




Stonewall Jackson




Mary Putnam Jacobi




Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī




Henry James




Jesse and Frank James




William James




Anna Jameson




Jean Jaurès




Lord Jeffrey




Sarah Orne Jewett




Andrew Johnson




Scott Joplin




Chief Joseph




Joséphine




Benito Juárez




Kamehameha I




Kang Youwei




Edmund Kean




John Keats




Baron Kelvin




Fanny Kemble




James Kent




Francis Scott Key




Søren Kierkegaard




Mary Kingsley




Rudyard Kipling




Heinrich von Kleist




Robert Koch




Sofya Kovalevskaya




Paul Kruger




Alfred Krupp




Joseph Lancaster




Helene Lange




Samuel Pierpont Langley




Lillie Langtry




Sir Edwin Ray Lankester




Pierre-Simon Laplace




Ferdinand Lassalle




Benjamin Henry Latrobe




John Laird Mair Lawrence




Emma Lazarus




Robert E. Lee




Étienne Lenoir




Leo XIII




Anna Leonowens




Leopold II




Mikhail Lermontov




Ferdinand de Lesseps




Meriwether Lewis and William Clark




Li Hongzhang




Justus von Liebig




Wilhelm Liebknecht




Liliuokalani




Lin Zexu




Abraham Lincoln




Mary Todd Lincoln




Jenny Lind




Joseph Lister




Franz Liszt




Second Earl of Liverpool




David Livingstone




Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky




Lobengula




Belva A. Lockwood




Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer




Henry Wadsworth Longfellow




Countess of Lovelace




Sir Charles Lyell




Mary Lyon




John MacArthur




Thomas Babington Macaulay




Cyrus Hall McCormick




Sir John Alexander Macdonald




William Holmes McGuffey




Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis




Alexander Mackenzie




William Lyon Mackenzie




William McKinley




Daniel and Alexander Macmillan




William Charles Macready




Dolley Madison




The Mahdi




Thomas Robert Malthus




Édouard Manet




Meri Te Tai Mangakahia




Horace Mann




Henry Edward Manning




Daniel Mannix




Alessandro Manzoni




John Marshall




José Martí




Harriet Martineau




Karl Marx




Clorinda Matto de Turner




Guy de Maupassant




Frederick Denison Maurice




Matthew Fontaine Maury




Maximilian




James Clerk Maxwell




Giuseppe Mazzini




Second Viscount Melbourne




Herman Melville




Gregor Mendel




Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev




Felix Mendelssohn




Menelik II




Adah Isaacs Menken




Ottmar Mergenthaler




Metternich




Jules Michelet




Albert A. Michelson




James Mill




John Stuart Mill




Maria Mitchell




Theodor Mommsen




James Monroe




Lola Montez




Susanna Moodie




Dwight L. Moody




J. P. Morgan




Lewis Henry Morgan




William Morris




Samuel F. B. Morse




William Thomas Green Morton




Lucretia Mott




Muḥammad ՙAlī Pasha




John Muir




Modest Mussorgsky




Mutsuhito




Dadabhai Naoroji




Napoleon I




Napoleon III




John Nash




James Nasmyth




Thomas Nast




Carry Nation




Lord Nelson




Simon Newcomb




John Henry Newman




Michel Ney




Nicholas I




Barthold Georg Niebuhr




Nicéphore Niépce




Friedrich Nietzsche




Florence Nightingale




Alfred Nobel




Annie Oakley




Daniel O’Connell




Jacques Offenbach




Bernardo O’Higgins




Frederick Law Olmsted




Osceola




Sir William Osler




Nikolaus August Otto




Sir James Outram




Robert Owen




Niccolò Paganini




Alice Freeman Palmer




Lord Palmerston




Theodore Parker




Sir Henry Parkes




Francis Parkman




Charles Stewart Parnell




Louis Pasteur




Walter Pater




A. B. Paterson




Elizabeth Palmer Peabody




Pedro I




Pedro II




Sir Robert Peel




Charles Sanders Peirce




Matthew C. Perry




Oliver Hazard Perry




Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi




Wendell Phillips




Franklin Pierce




Zebulon Pike




Lydia E. Pinkham




Camille Pissarro




Pius IX




Francis Place




Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev




Edgar Allan Poe




Henri Poincaré




James K. Polk




Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov




John Wesley Powell




William Hickling Prescott




Pierre-Joseph Proudhon




Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin




Joseph Pulitzer




E. B. Pusey




Alexander Pushkin




Sir Henry Raeburn




Mahadev Govind Ranade




Ranjit Singh




Leopold von Ranke




Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin




Rammohan Ray




André Rebouças




Red Cloud




Odilon Redon




Walter Reed




Frederic Remington




Ernest Renan




Pierre-Auguste Renoir




Cecil Rhodes




David Ricardo




Ellen Swallow Richards




Abby Sage Richardson




Henry Hobson Richardson




Louis Riel




Arthur Rimbaud




Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov




Albrecht Ritschl




John D. Rockefeller




Auguste Rodin




John Augustus Roebling




Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen




Sir James Clark Ross




John Ross




Christina Rossetti




Gioacchino Rossini




The Rothschild Family




Henri Rousseau




John Ruskin




John Russell




Sacagawea




Saՙīd ibn Sulṭān




Saigō Takamori




Augustus Saint-Gaudens




Henri de Saint-Simon




Third Marquis of Salisbury




Samory Touré




José de San Martín




George Sand




Antonio López de Santa Anna




La Saragossa




John Singer Sargent




Domingo Faustino Sarmiento




Friedrich Karl von Savigny




Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst




Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling




Friedrich Schleiermacher




Heinrich Schliemann




Arthur Schopenhauer




Olive Schreiner




Franz Schubert




Clara Schumann




Robert Schumann




Carl Schurz




Charlotte Angas Scott




Dred Scott




Sir George Gilbert Scott




Sir Walter Scott




Winfield Scott




Edward Wyllis Scripps




Richard John Seddon




Anaïs Ségalas




Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis




Sequoyah




Saint Elizabeth Seton




Georges Seurat




William H. Seward




Shaka




Anna Howard Shaw




Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley




Percy Bysshe Shelley




William Tecumseh Sherman




Henry Sidgwick




The Siemens Family




Sitting Bull




Samuel Slater




Jedediah Smith




Joseph Smith




Mary Somerville




John Hanning Speke




Herbert Spencer




Mikhail Mikhaylovich Speransky




Leland Stanford




Henry Morton Stanley




Edwin M. Stanton




Elizabeth Cady Stanton




Freiherr vom Stein




Jakob Steiner




Charles Proteus Steinmetz




Stendhal




Alexander H. Stephens




George Stephenson




Thaddeus Stevens




Robert Louis Stevenson




Lucy Stone




Joseph Story




Harriet Beecher Stowe




Johann Strauss




George Edmund Street




Antonio José de Sucre




Louis Sullivan




Charles Sumner




Bertha von Suttner




Joseph Wilson Swan




Tadano Makuzu




Táhirih




Hippolyte Taine




Thomas Talbot




Talleyrand




Roger Brooke Taney




Zachary Taylor




Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky




Tecumseh




Thomas Telford




Alfred, Lord Tennyson




Ellen Terry




Nikola Tesla




Tewodros II




William Makepeace Thackeray




Sylvanus Thayer




Adolphe Thiers




Theodore Thomas




David Thompson




Henry David Thoreau




Tippu Tib




Alexis de Tocqueville




Leo Tolstoy




Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec




Catharine Parr Traill




Richard Trevithick




Flora Tristan




Anthony Trollope




Frances Trollope




Sojourner Truth




Tu Duc




Harriet Tubman




Sir Charles Tupper




Ivan Turgenev




J. M. W. Turner




Nat Turner




Mark Twain




William Marcy Tweed




John Tyler




ՙUthman dan Fodio




Martin Van Buren




Cornelius Vanderbilt




Giuseppe Verdi




Jules Verne




Queen Victoria




Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar




Rudolf Virchow




Vivekananda




Sir Julius Vogel




Richard Wagner




Edward Gibbon Wakefield




John Walter II




Lester Frank Ward




Montgomery Ward




Booker T. Washington




Carl Maria von Weber




Daniel Webster




Noah Webster




August Weismann




Duke of Wellington




W. C. Wentworth




George Westinghouse




James McNeill Whistler




Walt Whitman




John Greenleaf Whittier




Oscar Wilde




Charles Wilkes




Emma Willard




Frances Willard




William IV




George Washington Williams




Isaac Mayer Wise




Friedrich Wöhler




Victoria Woodhull




William Wordsworth




Fanny Bullock Workman




Frances Wright




Charlotte Mary Yonge




Brigham Young




Alexander and Demetrios Ypsilantis




Marie Elizabeth Zakrzewska




Zeng Guofan




Zhang Zhidong




Émile Zola