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Great Events from History: Renaissance & Early Modern Era, 1454-1600

Table of Contents

Foundation of the Saud Dynasty




Champa Civil Wars




Thai Wars




Lodī Kings Dominate Northern India




China Subdues Burma




Rise of the Ottoman Empire




Peace of Lodi




Wars of the Roses




Publication of Gutenberg’s Mazarin Bible




Spread of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism




Restoration of Zhengtong




Reign of Stephen the Great




Hungarian Renaissance




Rāo Jodha Founds Jodhpur




Labor Shortages Alter Europe’s Social Structure




Rise of the Akan Kingdoms




Founding of the Platonic Academy




Kazak Empire Is Established




Regiomontanus Completes the Epitome of Ptolemy’s Almagest




Ottoman-Venetian War




Songhai Empire Dominates the Western Sudan




Reign of Xianzong




French-Burgundian and French-Austrian Wars




Second Peace of Thorn




End of King Parākramabāhu VI’s Reign




Ōnin War




Reign of the Ava King Thihathura




Rule of Lorenzo de’ Medici




Ak Koyunlu Dynasty Controls Iraq and Northern Iran




Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella




Reign of Topa Inca




Battle of Vijaya




Ashikaga Yoshimasa Builds the Silver Pavilion




Jakob II Fugger Becomes a Merchant




Witch-Hunts and Witch Trials




Great Wall of China Is Built




Castilian War of Succession




Mombasa, Malindi, and Kilwa Reach Their Height




Peace of Picquigny




Work Begins on the Sistine Chapel




Japan’s “Age of the Country at War”




Hungarian War with the Holy Roman Empire




Foundation of the Habsburg Dynasty




Muscovite Conquest of Novgorod




Albanian-Turkish Wars End




Leonardo da Vinci Compiles His Notebooks




Pazzi Conspiracy




Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition




Destruction of the Golden Horde




Ivan the Great Organizes the “Third Rome”




Founding of Elmina




Ludovico Sforza Rules Milan




Reign of Bayezid II and Ottoman Civil Wars




Maximilian I Takes Control of the Low Countries




Richard III Rules England




Portuguese Establish a Foothold in Africa




The Tudors Rule England




Mamlūk-Ottoman Wars




Pico della Mirandola Writes Oration on the Dignity of Man




Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope




Reign of Xiaozong




Khmer-Thai Wars




Composition of the Renga Masterpiece Minase sangin hyakuin




YĀdil Shah Dynasty Founded




Yorkshire Rebellion




Aldus Manutius Founds the Aldine Press




Decline of the Silk Road




Development of the Camera Obscura




Fragmentation of the Bahmani Sultanate




Martin Behaim Builds the First World Globe




Christianity Is Established in the Kingdom of Kongo




Fall of Granada




Jews Are Expelled from Spain




Columbus Lands in the Americas




Ponce de León’s Voyages




Reign of Huayna Capac




Reign of Mohammed I Askia




Reign of Maximilian I




Sebastian Brant Publishes The Ship of Fools




Treaty of Tordesillas




Charles VIII of France Invades Italy




Poynings’ Law




Reform of the Spanish Church




Leonardo da Vinci Paints The Last Supper




West Indian Uprisings




Cornish Rebellion




Danish-Swedish Wars




Cabot’s Voyages




Portuguese Reach the Swahili Coast




Louis XII of France Seizes Milan




Erasmus Advances Humanism in England




Russo-Polish Wars




Coffee, Cacao, Tobacco, and Sugar Are Sold Worldwide




Netherlandish School of Painting




Revival of Classical Themes in Art




Rise of Sarmatism in Poland




Roman Jubilee




Portugal Begins to Colonize Brazil




Athapaskans Arrive in the Southwest




Devotional Bhakti Traditions Emerge




Fuzuli Writes Poetry in Three Languages




Rise of the Fur Trade




China’s Population Boom




Decline of Moundville




Evolution of the Galleon




Iroquois Confederacy Is Established




Proliferation of Firearms




Rise of the Shenshi




Single-Whip Reform




Trans-Saharan Trade Enriches Akan Kingdoms




Worldwide Inflation




Reign of IsmāYīl I




Beginning of the Transatlantic Slave Trade




Reign of Montezuma II




Decline of the Ḥafṣid Dynasty




Treaty of Blois




Joan the Mad Becomes Queen of Castile




Portuguese Viceroys Establish Overseas Trade Empire




Reign of Zhengde and Liu Jin




End of the Timurid Dynasty




Formation of the League of Cambrai




Raphael Paints His Frescoes




Michelangelo Paints the Sistine Chapel




Vijayanagar Wars




Invention of the Watch




SaYdī Sharifs Come to Power in Morocco




Battle of Merv Establishes the Shaybānīd Dynasty




Melaka Falls to the Portuguese




Reign of Selim I




Battle of Ravenna




Kanō School Flourishes




Machiavelli Writes The Prince




Anglo-Scottish Wars




Balboa Reaches the Pacific Ocean




Hungarian Peasants’ Revolt




Portuguese Reach China




Wolsey Serves as Lord Chancellor and Cardinal




Battle of Marignano




Sir Thomas More Publishes Utopia




Charles I Ascends the Throne of Spain




Concordat of Bologna




Fracastoro Develops His Theory of Fossils




Luther Posts His Ninety-five Theses




Smallpox Kills Thousands of Indigenous Americans




Magellan Expedition Circumnavigates the Globe




Cortés Conquers Aztecs in Mexico




Charles V Is Elected Holy Roman Emperor




Comunero Revolt




Reign of Süleyman




Field of Cloth of Gold




Valois-Habsburg Wars




Reign of Jiajing




Luther Appears Before the Diet of Worms




Siege and Fall of Rhodes




Correggio Paints the Assumption of the Virgin




Gustav I Vasa Becomes King of Sweden




Ōuchi Family Monopolizes Trade with China




Franciscan Missionaries Arrive in Mexico




German Peasants’ War




Huáscar and Atahualpa Share Inca Rule




Ottoman-Ruled Egypt Sends Expeditions South and East




Battle of Pavia




Hungarian Civil Wars




First Battle of Panipat




Battle of Mohács




Ethiopia’s Early Solomonic Period Ends




Maya Resist Spanish Incursions in Yucatán




Burmese Civil Wars




Battle of Khānua




Sack of Rome




Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier Is Published




Narváez’s and Cabeza de Vaca’s Expeditions




North Africa Recognizes Ottoman Suzerainty




Battle of Shimbra-Kure




Siege of Vienna




Paracelsus Presents His Theory of Disease




Humāyūn Inherits the Throne in India




Cromwell Reforms British Government




Antwerp Becomes the Commercial Capital of Europe




Formation of the Schmalkaldic League




Holbein Settles in London




Temmon Hokke Rebellion




Pizarro Conquers the Incas in Peru




Ottomans Claim Sovereignty over Mesopotamia




Cartier and Roberval Search for a Northwest Passage




Founding of the Jesuit Order




Act of Supremacy




Parmigianino Paints Madonna with the Long Neck




Henry VIII Dissolves the Monasteries




Turkish Capitulations Begin




Acts of Union Between England and Wales




Calvin Publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion




Pilgrimage of Grace




Pope Paul III Declares Rights of New World Peoples




Battle of Préveza




Jiajing Threatens Vietnam




Six Articles of Henry VIII




De Soto’s North American Expedition




Shēr Shāh Sūr Becomes Emperor of Delhi




Coronado’s Southwest Expedition




Holy Roman Empire Attacks Ottomans in Algiers




The New Laws of Spain




Spain Explores Alta California




Paul III Establishes the Index of Prohibited Books




Copernicus Publishes De Revolutionibus




Vesalius Publishes On the Fabric of the Human Body




Europeans Begin Trade with Japan




Anglo-French Wars




Silver Is Discovered in Spanish America




Council of Trent




Battle of Ancrum Moor




Fracastoro Discovers That Contagion Spreads Disease




Coronation of Ivan the Terrible




Reign of Edward VI




Siamese-Burmese Wars




Kett’s Rebellion




Father Xavier Introduces Christianity to Japan




La Pléiade Promotes French Poetry




Development of the Caracole Maneuver




Tartaglia Publishes The New Science




Japanese Pirates Pillage the Chinese Coast




Educational Reforms in Europe




Mongols Raid Beijing




Japanese Wars of Unification




The Stoglav Convenes




Las Casas Publishes The Tears of the Indians




Struggle for the Strait of Hormuz




Servetus Describes the Circulatory System




Coronation of Mary Tudor




First Battle of Kawanakajima




Wyatt’s Rebellion




Charles V Abdicates




Peace of Augsburg




Reign of Akbar




Earthquake in China Kills Thousands




Ivan the Terrible Annexes Astrakhan




Livonian War




Burmese-Laotian Wars




Reign of Elizabeth I




France Regains Calais from England




Süleyman’s Sons Wage Civil War




Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis




Scottish Reformation




Invention of the “Lead” Pencil




Publication of the Geneva Bible




Battle of Okehazama




French Wars of Religion




Construction of the Escorial




Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England




Peace of Troyes




Tintoretto Paints for the Scuola di San Rocco




Spain Seizes the Philippines




Siege of Malta




St. Augustine Is Founded




Reign of Selim II




Pius V Expels the Prostitutes from Rome




Palestrina Publishes the Pope Marcellus Mass




Reign of Longqing




James VI Becomes King of Scotland




Oda Nobunaga Seizes Kyōto




Ottoman-Russian War




Dutch Wars of Independence




Fall of Chitor




Mercator Publishes His World Map




Rebellion of the Northern Earls




Pius V Excommunicates Elizabeth I




Siege of Famagusta and Fall of Cyprus




Battle of Lepanto




Tycho Brahe Observes a Supernova




St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre




Reign of Wanli




Reign of Murad III




Powhatan Confederacy Is Founded




Tallis and Byrd Publish Cantiones Sacrae




Mughal Conquest of Bengal




Stephen Báthory Becomes King of Poland




James Burbage Builds The Theatre




Reign of Rudolf II




Frobisher’s Voyages




Ram Dās Founds Amritsar




First Dalai Lama Becomes Buddhist Spiritual Leader




The Battle for Tabrīz




Battle of Ksar el-Kebir




Drake Lands in Northern California




Galileo Conducts His Early Experiments




Spain Annexes Portugal




Rebellions in Bihar and Bengal




Montaigne Publishes His Essays




Siamese-Cambodian Wars




Cossacks Seize Sibir




The United Provinces Declare Independence from Spain




Gregory XIII Reforms the Calendar




Battle of the Tobol River




Bruno’s Theory of the Infinite Universe




Matteo Ricci Travels to Beijing




Russia’s Time of Troubles




Lost Colony of Roanoke




War of the Three Henrys




Drake’s Expedition to the West Indies




Annexation of Kashmir




Toyotomi Hideyoshi Hosts a Ten-Day Tea Ceremony




Reign of YAbbās the Great




Anglo-Spanish War




Rise of the English Madrigal




Defeat of the Spanish Armada




Russian Patriarchate Is Established




Second Janissary Revolt in Constantinople




Shakespeare Writes His Dramas




Henry IV Ascends the Throne of France




Birth of Opera




Odawara Campaign




Fall of the Songhai Empire




Publication of Wu Chengen’s The Journey to the West




Japan Invades Korea




Ottoman-Austrian War




Taikō Kenchi Survey




King Michael’s Uprising




Ralegh Arrives in Guiana




San Felipe Incident




Tyrone Rebellion




John Dowland Publishes Ayres




Astrakhanid Dynasty Is Established




Oñate’s New Mexico Expedition




Edict of Nantes




Treaty of Vervins




The Globe Theatre Is Built




Castrati Sing in the Sistine Chapel Choir




William Gilbert Publishes De Magnete




Battle of Sekigahara




Elizabeth I Charters the East India Company