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Great Events from History: The Eighteenth Century

Table of Contents

Expansion of the Atlantic Slave Trade




Oman Captures Zanzibar




Plumier Publishes L’Art de tourner




Tull Invents the Seed Drill




Great Northern War




Bach Pioneers Modern Music




Revenge of the Forty-Seven Ronin




War of the Spanish Succession




Act of Settlement




Marsh Builds Ireland’s First Public Library




First Arabic Printing Press




Queen Anne’s War




Camisard Risings in the Cévennes




Hungarian Revolt Against Habsburg Rule




Founding of St. Petersburg




Chikamatsu Produces The Love Suicides at Sonezaki




Newton Publishes Optics




Astronomy Wars in England




Javanese Wars of Succession




Battle of Blenheim




Halley Predicts the Return of a Comet




Newcomen Develops the Steam Engine




Act of Union Unites England and Scotland




Defeat of the “Old Pretender”




Darby Invents Coke-Smelting




Invention of the Piano




Persian-Afghan Wars




Battle of Poltava




Battle of Malplaquet




Ottoman Wars with Russia, Venice, and Austria




Addison and Steele Establish The Spectator




Tuscarora War




Occasional Conformity Bill




Philip V Founds the Royal Library of Spain




Stamp Act




New York City Slave Revolt




Second Villmergen War




Maya Rebellion in Chiapas




Founding of Louisbourg




Treaty of Utrecht




Foundation of the Spanish Academy




Papal Bull Unigenitus




Fahrenheit Develops the Mercury Thermometer




Quest for Longitude




Mill Patents the Typewriter




Treaties of Rastatt and Baden




Fox Wars




Building of the Karlskirche




Jacobite Rising in Scotland




Bernoulli Publishes His Calculus of Variations




Geoffroy Issues the Table of Reactivities




Tulip Age




Stukeley Studies Stonehenge and Avebury




Defoe Publishes the First Novel




Financial Collapse of the John Law System




Last Major Outbreak of Plague




Collapse of the South Sea Bubble




Japan Lifts Ban on Foreign Books




Development of Great Britain’s Office of Prime Minister




Early Enlightenment in France




Réaumur Discovers Carbon’s Role in Hardening Steel




European Discovery of Easter Island




Stahl Postulates the Phlogiston Theory




Foundation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences




Flamsteed’s Star Catalog Marks the Transition to Modern Astronomy




Persian Civil Wars




Vico Publishes The New Science




Swift Satirizes English Rule of Ireland in Gulliver’s Travels




Voltaire Advances Enlightenment Thought in Europe




Jansenist “Convulsionnaires” Gather at Saint-Médard




Treaty of Kiakhta




Gay Produces the First Ballad Opera




Russian Voyages to Alaska




Gray Discovers Principles of Electric Conductivity




Treaty of Seville




First Maroon War




Society of Dilettanti Is Established




Settlement of Georgia




Covent Garden Theatre Opens in London




De Moivre Describes the Bell-Shaped Curve




Du Fay Discovers Two Kinds of Electric Charge




Kay Invents the Flying Shuttle




War of the Polish Succession




Slaves Capture St. John’s Island




Hadley Describes Atmospheric Circulation




Linnaeus Creates the Binomial System of Classification




French Scientists Explore the Amazon River




Trial of John Peter Zenger




Gentleman’s Magazine Initiates Parliamentary Reporting




Russo-Austrian War Against the Ottoman Empire




Revival of the Paris Salon




Walking Purchase




Bernoulli Proposes the Kinetic Theory of Gases




Foundation of St. Petersburg’s Imperial Ballet School




Treaty of Vienna




Hume Publishes A Treatise of Human Nature




War of Jenkins’s Ear




First Great Awakening




Stono Rebellion




Treaty of Belgrade




Maclaurin’s Gravitational Theory




Richardson’s Pamela Establishes the Modern Novel




Accession of Frederick the Great




Maria Theresa Succeeds to the Austrian Throne




War of the Austrian Succession




Leadhills Reading Society Promotes Literacy




Celsius Proposes an International Fixed Temperature Scale




Fielding’s Joseph Andrews Satirizes English Society




First Performance of Handel’s Messiah




D’Alembert Develops His Axioms of Motion




Dagohoy Rebellion in the Philippines




Lomonosov Issues the First Catalog of Minerals




Jacobite Rebellion




Invention of the Leyden Jar




Roebuck Develops the Lead-Chamber Process




Z?hir al-?Umar Creates a Stronghold in Galilee




Carnatic Wars




Johnson Creates the First Modern English Dictionary




Marggraf Extracts Sugar from Beets




Agnesi Publishes Analytical Institutions




Bradley Discovers the Nutation of Earth’s Axis




Euler Develops the Concept of Function




Excavation of Pompeii




Montesquieu Publishes The Spirit of the Laws




Nollet Discovers Osmosis




Construction of Istanbul’s Nur-u Osmaniye Complex




Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle




First Comprehensive Examination of the Natural World




Sa??d Becomes Ruler of Oman




Treaty of Madrid




China Consolidates Control over Tibet




Johnson Issues The Rambler




Maupertuis Provides Evidence of “Hereditary Particles”




Diderot Publishes the Encyclopedia




Mayer’s Lunar Tables Enable Mariners to Determine Longitude at Sea




Alaungpaya Unites Burma




Franklin Demonstrates the Electrical Nature of Lightning




Lind Discovers a Cure for Scurvy




Büsching Publishes A New System of Geography




Condillac Defends Sensationalist Theory




French and Indian War




Albany Congress




Black Identifies Carbon Dioxide




Acadians Are Expelled from Canada




Great Lisbon Earthquake




Seven Years’ War




Monro Distinguishes Between Lymphatic and Blood Systems




Haller Establishes Physiology as a Science




Battle of Plassey




Battle of Rossbach




Siege of Louisbourg




Helvétius Publishes De l’esprit




Aepinus Publishes Essay on the Theory of Electricity and Magnetism




Charles III Gains the Spanish Throne




Wedgwood Founds a Ceramics Firm




Construction of the Bridgewater Canal




Voltaire Satirizes Optimism in Candide




Suppression of the Jesuits




Cherokee War




Beginning of Selective Livestock Breeding




Caribbean Slave Rebellions




The Antiquities of Athens Prompts Architectural Neoclassicism




Mozart Tours Europe as a Child Prodigy




Rousseau Publishes The Social Contract




First Performance of Gluck’s Orfeo and Euridice




Bayes Advances Probability Theory




Famine in Southern Italy




Peace of Paris




The North Briton Controversy




Pontiac’s Resistance




David Garrick’s European Tour




Publication of the Freeman’s Journal




Proclamation of 1763




Paxton Boys’ Massacres




Invention of the Spinning Jenny




Voltaire Publishes A Philosophical Dictionary for the Pocket




Watt Develops a More Effective Steam Engine




Stamp Act Crisis




Lorraine Becomes Part of France




First American Theater Opens in Philadelphia




Bougainville Circumnavigates the Globe




Spallanzani Disproves Spontaneous Generation




Invention of the Water Frame




Townshend Crisis




Anglo-Mysore Wars




Catherine the Great’s Instruction




Carolina Regulator Movements




Voyages of Captain Cook




Ottoman Wars with Russia




Methodist Church Is Established in Colonial America




Bruce Explores Ethiopia




Britain’s Royal Academy of Arts Is Founded




Pombal Reforms the Inquisition




Rise of the California Missions




Siamese-Vietnamese War




Cugnot Demonstrates His Steam-Powered Road Carriage




Publication of Holbach’s The System of Nature




Boston Massacre




Woulfe Discovers Picric Acid




Vietnamese Civil Wars




Partitioning of Poland




Goethe Inaugurates the Sturm und Drang Movement




African American Baptist Church Is Founded




Pugachev’s Revolt




Boston Tea Party




Hansard Begins Reporting Parliamentary Debates




Lord Dunmore’s War




Quebec Act




Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji




Priestley Discovers Oxygen




First Continental Congress




First Mar?th? War




Spanish-Algerine War




Joseph II’s Reforms




Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery Is Founded




Battle of Lexington and Concord




American Revolutionary War




Flour War




Second Continental Congress




Foundation of the Viceroyalty of La Plata




Paine Publishes Common Sense




Adam Smith Publishes The Wealth of Nations




Founding of Bolshoi Theatre Company




France Supports the American Revolution




Indian Delegation Meets with Congress




New Jersey Women Gain the Vote




Declaration of Independence




First Test of a Submarine in Warfare




France’s First Daily Newspaper Appears




Northeast States Abolish Slavery




Battle of Oriskany Creek




Battles of Saratoga




Construction of the First Iron Bridge




Franco-American Treaties




Opening of Milan’s La Scala




Crompton Invents the Spinning Mule




Ingenhousz Discovers Photosynthesis




Frontier Wars in South Africa




Siege of Gibraltar




Rebellion of Tupac Amaru II




Gordon Riots




Great Caribbean Hurricane




Kant Publishes Critique of Pure Reason




Cavendish Discovers the Composition of Water




Ratification of the Articles of Confederation




Cornwallis Surrenders at Yorktown




Publication of Rousseau’s Confessions




Wars of Hawaiian Unification




Loyalists Migrate to Nova Scotia




Cort Improves Iron Processing




Treaty of Paris




First Manned Balloon Flight




Legendre Introduces Polynomials




Herder Publishes His Philosophy of History




First Performance of The Marriage of Figaro




Hall’s Masonic Lodge Is Chartered




Fort Stanwix Treaty




Construction of El Prado Museum Begins




First State Universities Are Established




Rites Controversy




Hutton Proposes the Geological Theory of Uniformitarianism




First Cross-Channel Flight




Cartwright Patents the Steam-Powered Loom




Ordinance of 1785




Discovery of the Mayan Ruins at Palenque




Lavoisier Devises the Modern System of Chemical Nomenclature




Tenmei Famine




Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty




Jones Postulates a Proto-Indo-European Language




David Paints The Death of Socrates




Herschel Begins Building His Reflecting Telescope




Free African Society Is Founded




Northwest Ordinance




U.S. Constitution Is Adopted




Publication of The Federalist




Russo-Swedish Wars




Britain Establishes Penal Colony in Australia




Meikle Demonstrates His Drum Thresher




Leblanc Develops Soda Production




Washington’s Inauguration




Louis XVI Calls the Estates-General




Oath of the Tennis Court




Fall of the Bastille




Episcopal Church Is Established




Judiciary Act




France Adopts the Guillotine




First U.S. Political Parties




Second Great Awakening




Burke Lays the Foundations of Modern Conservatism




First Steam Rolling Mill




Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit




Nootka Sound Convention




Little Turtle’s War




Slater’s Spinning Mill




Canada’s Constitutional Act




Thomas Paine Publishes Rights of Man




Haitian Independence




U.S. Bill of Rights Is Ratified




Wollstonecraft Publishes A Vindication of the Rights of Woman




Fichte Advocates Free Speech




The Northern Star Calls for Irish Independence




Denmark Abolishes the Slave Trade




Early Wars of the French Revolution




Battle of Valmy




Christian Missionary Societies Are Founded




Whitney Invents the Cotton Gin




Macartney Mission to China




Execution of Louis XVI




First Fugitive Slave Law




War in the Vendée




Mackenzie Reaches the Arctic Ocean




Proust Establishes the Law of Definite Proportions




Allgemeines Landrecht Recodifies Prussian Law




Whiskey Rebellion




Fall of Robespierre




Battle of Fallen Timbers




Jay’s Treaty




Invention of the Flax Spinner




Murray Develops a Modern English Grammar Book




Paganini’s Early Violin Performances




Speenhamland System




Second Maroon War




Pinckney’s Treaty




Laplace Articulates His Nebular Hypothesis




Jenner Develops Smallpox Vaccination




Napoleon’s Italian Campaigns




Washington’s Farewell Address




Catherine the Great’s Art Collection Is Installed at the Hermitage




Wollaston Begins His Work on Metallurgy




XYZ Affair




Invention of Lithography




Malthus Arouses Controversy with His Population Theory




Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign




Irish Rebellion




Alien and Sedition Acts




Battle of the Nile




Code of Handsome Lake




Discovery of the Earliest Anesthetics




Humboldt and Bonpland’s Expedition




Discovery of the Rosetta Stone




Napoleon Rises to Power in France




Volta Invents the Battery




Act of Union Forms the United Kingdom