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Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues, Revised Edition

Table of Contents

Abbey, Edward




Accounting for nature




Acid deposition and acid rain




Acid mine drainage




Adams, Ansel




Aerosols




Africa




Agenda 21




Agent Orange




Agricultural chemicals




Agricultural revolution




Air-conditioning




Air pollution




Air-pollution policy




Air Quality Index




Airborne particulates




Alar




Alaska Highway




Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act




Alliance of Small Island States




Alternative energy sources




Alternative fuels




Alternative grains




Alternatively fueled vehicles




Amazon River basin




American alligator




American bison




Amoco Cadiz oil spill




Amory, Cleveland




Amphibians




Animal rights




Animal rights movement




Animal testing




Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition




Antarctic Treaty




Anthropocentrism




Antibiotics




Antienvironmentalism




Antinuclear movement




Antiquities Act




Appropriate technology




Aquaculture




Aquaponics




Aqueducts




Aquifers




Aral Sea destruction




Arctic National Wildlife Refuge




Argo Merchant oil spill




Arsenic




Asbestos




Asbestosis




Ashio, Japan, copper mine




Asia




Aswan High Dam




Atmospheric inversions




Atomic Energy Commission




Audubon, John James




Australia and New Zealand




Automobile emissions




Bacillus thuringiensis




Back-to-the-land movement




Bacterial resistance




Balance of nature




Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes




Beaches




Bees and other pollinators




Benefit-cost analysis




Berry, Wendell




Best available technologies




Bhopal disaster




Bicycles




Bikini Atoll bombing




Bioassays




Biocentrism




Biodiversity




Biodiversity action plans




Biofertilizers




Biogeochemical cycles




Biomagnification




Biomass conversion




Biomes




Biopesticides




Biophilia




Biopiracy and bioprospecting




Bioregionalism




Bioremediation




Biosphere




Biosphere reserves




Biosphere 2




Biotechnology and genetic engineering




Birth defects, environmental




Black lung




Black Sea




Black Wednesday




Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals




Bookchin, Murray




Boreal forests




Borlaug, Norman




Bovine growth hormone




BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill




Braer oil spill




Brazilian radioactive powder release




Breeder reactors




Brent Spar occupation




Brockovich, Erin




Brower, David




Brown, Lester




Brownfields




Brucellosis




Brundtland, Gro Harlem




Brundtland Commission




Bureau of Land Management, U.S.




Burroughs, John




Cancer clusters




Captive breeding




Carbon cycle




Carbon dioxide




Carbon dioxide air capture




Carbon footprint




Carbon monoxide




Carcinogens




Carpooling




Carrying capacity




Carson, Rachel




Carter, Jimmy




Cash for Clunkers




Catalytic converters




Cattle




Center for Health, Environment, and Justice




Centers for Disease Control and Prevention




Central America and the Caribbean




Ceres




Certified wood




Chalk River nuclear reactor explosion




Chelyabinsk nuclear waste explosion




Chernobyl nuclear accident




Chesapeake Bay




Chicago Climate Exchange




Chipko Andolan movement




Chloracne




Chloramphenicol




Chlorination




Chlorofluorocarbons




Clean Air Act and amendments




Clean Water Act and amendments




Climate accommodation




Climate change and human health




Climate change and oceans




Climate change skeptics




Climate models




Climatology




Climax communities




Cloning




Cloud forests




Cloud seeding




Club of Rome




Coal




Coal ash storage




Coal-fired power plants




Coastal Zone Management Act




Cogeneration




Colorado River




Commercial fishing




Commoner, Barry




Community gardens




Compact fluorescent lightbulbs




Composting




Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty




Condors




Congo River basin




Coniferous forests




Conservation




Conservation biology




Conservation easements




Conservation movement




Conservation policy




Conservation Reserve Program




Continental shelves




Contingent valuation




Controlled burning




Convention on Biological Diversity




Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species




Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution




Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in Their Natural State




Coral reefs




Corporate average fuel economy standards




Côte d’Ivoire toxic waste incident




Council on Environmental Quality




Cousteau, Jacques




Cross-Florida Barge Canal




Cultural ecology




Cultural eutrophication




Cuyahoga River fires




Dams and reservoirs




Danube River




Darling, Jay




Darwin, Charles




Dead zones




Debt-for-nature swaps




Deciduous forests




Deep ecology




Deforestation




Department of Energy, U.S.




Department of the Interior, U.S.




Desalination




Desertification




Detoxification




Development gap




Diamond v. Chakrabarty




Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane




Dioxin




Diquat




Disposable diapers




Dodo bird extinction




Dolly the sheep




Dolphin-safe tuna




Donora, Pennsylvania, temperature inversion




Dredging




Drinking water




Droughts




Dubos, René




Ducktown, Tennessee




Dust Bowl




Earth Day




Earth First!




Earth resources satellites




Earth-sheltered construction




Earth Summit




Eat local movement




Eaubonne, Françoise d’




Echo Park Dam opposition




Ecocentrism




Eco-fashion




Ecofeminism




Ecological economics




Ecological footprint




Ecology as a concept




Ecology in history




Ecosystem services




Ecosystems




Ecotage




Ecoterrorism




Ecotopia




Ecotourism




Ehrlich, Paul R.




El Niño and La Niña




Electric vehicles




Electronic waste




Elephants, African




Eminent domain




Enclosure movement




Endangered Species Act




Endangered species and species protection policy




Energy conservation




Energy-efficiency labeling




Energy policy




Energy Policy and Conservation Act




Environment Canada




Environmental determinism




Environmental economics




Environmental education




Environmental engineering




Environmental ethics




Environmental health




Environmental illnesses




Environmental impact assessments and statements




Environmental justice and environmental racism




Environmental law, international




Environmental law, U.S.




Environmental Protection Agency




Environmental refugees




Environmental security




Environmental torts




Environmentalism




Erosion and erosion control




Ethanol




Europe




European Diploma of Protected Areas




European Environment Agency




European Green parties




Eutrophication




Everglades




Experimental Lakes Area




Externalities




Extinctions and species loss




Exxon Valdez oil spill




Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act




Federal Land Policy and Management Act




Fish and Wildlife Act




Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.




Fish kills




Fisheries




Flavr Savr tomato




Flood Control Act




Floodplains




Floods




Fluoridation




Food and Agriculture Organization




Food chains




Food irradiation




Food quality regulation




Foreman, Dave




Forest and range policy




Forest management




Forest Service, U.S.




Forest Summit




Fossey, Dian




Fossil fuels




Franklin Dam opposition




Free market environmentalism




Freon




Friends of the Earth International




Gaia hypothesis




Ganges River




Garbology




Gasoline and gasoline additives




Gene patents




General Mining Act




Genetically altered bacteria




Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals




Genetically modified foods




Genetically modified organisms




Geoengineering




Geographic information systems




Geothermal energy




Gibbons, Euell




Gibbs, Lois




Gila Wilderness Area




Gill nets and drift nets




Glacial melting




Glen Canyon Dam




Global Biodiversity Assessment




Global Environment Facility




Global ReLeaf




Global 2000 Report, The




Global warming




Globalization




Gore, Al




Grand Canyon




Grand Coulee Dam




Grazing and grasslands




Great Barrier Reef




Great Lakes International Joint Commission




Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge




Green buildings




Green marketing




Green movement and Green parties




Green Plan




Green Revolution




Greenbelts




Greenhouse effect




Greenhouse gases




Greenpeace




Greenwashing




Groundwater pollution




Group of Ten




Gulf War oil burning




Habitat destruction




Hanford Nuclear Reservation




Hansen, James E.




Hardin, Garrett




Hawk’s Nest Tunnel disaster




Hazardous and toxic substance regulation




Hazardous waste




Heat islands




Heat pumps




Heavy metals




Hetch Hetchy Dam




High-yield wheat




Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings




Homestead Act




Hoover Dam




Horizontal gene transfer




Hunting




Hybrid vehicles




Hydroelectricity




Hydrogen economy




Incineration of waste products




Inconvenient Truth, An




Indicator species




Indigenous peoples and nature preservation




Indoor air pollution




Industrial Revolution




Integrated pest management




Intensive farming




Intergenerational justice




Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change




Internal combustion engines




International Atomic Energy Agency




International Biological Program




International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling




International Institute for Environment and Development




International Institute for Sustainable Development




International Union for Conservation of Nature




International whaling ban




International Whaling Commission




Introduced and exotic species




Iron fertilization




Irrigation




Italian dioxin release




Ivory trade




Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development




John Muir Trail




Kaibab Plateau deer disaster




Kalahari Desert




Kesterson Reservoir




Khian Sea incident




Killer bees




Kings Canyon and Sequoia national parks




Klamath River




Kleppe v. New Mexico




Krakatoa eruption




Kudzu




Kyoto Protocol




Lake Baikal




Lake Erie




Land clearance




Land pollution




Land-use planning




Land-use policy




Landfills




Landscape architecture




Leachates




Lead




League of Conservation Voters




Leopold, Aldo




Life-cycle assessment




Light pollution




Limited Test Ban Treaty




Limits to Growth, The




Logging and clear-cutting




London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution




London smog disaster




Los Angeles Aqueduct




Love Canal disaster




Lovejoy, Thomas E.




Lovelock, James




Lovins, Amory




Maathai, Wangari




McToxics Campaign




Mad cow disease




Malathion




Maldive Islands




Malthus, Thomas Robert




Manabe, Syukuro




Marine debris




Marine Mammal Protection Act




Marsh, George Perkins




Marshall, Robert




Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency




Mather, Stephen T.




Medfly spraying




Mediterranean Blue Plan




Mendes, Chico




Mercury




Methane




Methyl parathion




Middle East




Migratory Bird Act




Minamata Bay mercury poisoning




Mine reclamation




Mississippi River




Mobro barge incident




Molina, Mario




Monkeywrenching




Mono Lake




Monoculture




Monongahela River tank collapse




Montreal Protocol




Mount Tambora eruption




Mountain gorillas




Muir, John




Multiple-use management




Mumford, Lewis




Nader, Ralph




Naess, Arne




Nanotechnology




Narmada River




National Audubon Society




National Environmental Policy Act




National Forest Management Act




National forests




National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration




National Park Service, U.S.




National parks




National Trails System Act




National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act




Natural burial




Natural capital




Natural Resources Conservation Service




Natural Resources Defense Council




Nature Conservancy




Nature preservation policy




Nature reserves




Nature writing




Neutron bombs




New urbanism




Nile River




NIMBYism




Nitrogen oxides




Noise pollution




North America




North American Free Trade Agreement




North Sea radioactive cargo sinking




Northern spotted owl




Nuclear accidents




Nuclear and radioactive waste




Nuclear fusion




Nuclear power




Nuclear Regulatory Commission




Nuclear regulatory policy




Nuclear testing




Nuclear weapons production




Nuclear winter




Oak Ridge, Tennessee, mercury releases




Ocean currents




Ocean dumping




Ocean pollution




Odor pollution




Oil crises and oil embargoes




Oil drilling




Oil shale and tar sands




Oil spills




Old-growth forests




Olmsted, Frederick Law




Open spaces




Operation Backfire




Organic gardening and farming




Osborn, Henry Fairfield, Jr.




Ostrom, Elinor




Our Common Future




Overconsumption




Overgrazing of livestock




Ozone layer




Pacific Islands




Paclitaxel




Pandemics




Passenger pigeon extinction




PEMEX oil well leak




People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals




Pesticides and herbicides




Pets and the pet trade




Photovoltaic cells




Pinchot, Gifford




Planned communities




Planned obsolescence




Plastics




Poaching




Polar bears




Polluter pays principle




Pollution permit trading




Polychlorinated biphenyls




Population Connection




Population-control and one-child policies




Population-control movement




Population growth




Positive feedback and tipping points




Powell, John Wesley




Power plants




Precautionary principle




Predator management




Preservation




Price-Anderson Act




Privatization movements




Property rights movement




Public opinion and the environment




Public trust doctrine




Pulp and paper mills




Race-to-the-bottom hypothesis




Radioactive pollution and fallout




Radon




Rain forests




Rain gardens




Rainforest Action Network




Rainwater harvesting




Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance




Range management




Reclamation Act




Recycling




Refuse-derived fuel




Renewable energy




Renewable resources




Resource Conservation and Recovery Act




Resource depletion




Resource recovery




Restoration ecology




Revised Statute 2477




Rhine River




Rhinoceroses




Right-to-know legislation




Rio Declaration on Environment and Development




Riparian rights




Risk assessment




Road systems and freeways




Roadless Area Conservation Rule




Rocky Flats, Colorado, nuclear plant releases




Rocky Mountain Arsenal




Roosevelt, Theodore




Rowell, Galen




Rowland, Frank Sherwood




Runoff, agricultural




Runoff, urban




Rural gentrification




Sacramento River pesticide spill




Safe Drinking Water Act




Sagebrush Rebellion




St. Lawrence Seaway




Sale, Kirkpatrick




SANE




Santa Barbara oil spill




Savannas




Save the Whales Campaign




Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission




Schumacher, E. F.




Sea Empress oil spill




Sea-level changes




Sea Shepherd Conservation Society




Sea turtles




Seabed disposal




Seabed mining




Seal hunting




Secondhand smoke




Sedimentation




Seed banks




Selective breeding




Septic systems




Serengeti National Park




Sewage treatment and disposal




Shantytowns




Shark finning




Sick building syndrome




Sierra Club




Sierra Club v. Morton




Silent Spring




Silicosis




Silkwood, Karen




Silver Bay, Minnesota, asbestos releases




Singer, Peter




SL-1 reactor accident




Slash-and-burn agriculture




Sludge treatment and disposal




Smallpox eradication




Smart grids




Smog




Snail darter




Snyder, Gary




Social ecology




Soil conservation




Soil contamination




Soil salinization




Solar automobile racing




Solar energy




Solar One




Solar radiation management




Solar water heaters




Solid waste management policy




South America




Soviet nuclear submarine sinking




Soviet Plan for the Transformation of Nature




Space debris




Spaceship Earth metaphor




Speciesism




Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants




Stormwater management




Stringfellow Acid Pits




Strip and surface mining




Strip farming




Subsistence use




Sudbury, Ontario, emissions




Sulfur oxides




Sun Day




Superfund




Superphénix




Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act




Sustainable agriculture




Sustainable development




Sustainable forestry




Sydney Tar Ponds




Synthetic fuels




Tansley, Arthur G.




Taylor Grazing Act




Tellico Dam




Tennessee Valley Authority




Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill




Teton Dam collapse




Thermal pollution




Thermohaline circulation




Thoreau, Henry David




Three Gorges Dam




Three Mile Island nuclear accident




Tidal energy




Times Beach, Missouri, evacuation




Tobago oil spill




Torrey Canyon oil spill




Tragedy of the commons




Trans-Alaska Pipeline




Trans-Siberian Pipeline




Turtle excluder devices




Union of Concerned Scientists




United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development




United Nations Conference on the Human Environment




United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea




United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification




United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization




United Nations Environment Programme




United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change




United Nations population conferences




Urban ecology




Urban parks




Urban planning




Urban sprawl




U.S. Climate Action Partnership




U.S. Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement




U.S. Geological Survey




Vegetarianism




Vernadsky, Vladimir




Volatile organic compounds




Volcanoes and weather




Waste management




Waste treatment




Wastewater management




Water conservation




Water pollution




Water-pollution policy




Water quality




Water rights




Water-saving toilets




Water treatment




Water use




Watershed management




Watson, Paul




Watt, James




Weather modification




Wells




Welsh mining disaster




Wetlands




Whaling




White, Lynn Townsend, Jr.




Whooping cranes




Wild and Scenic Rivers Act




Wild horses and burros




Wilderness Act




Wilderness areas




Wilderness Society




Wildfires




Wildlife management




Wildlife refuges




Wilmut, Ian




Wilson, Edward O.




Wind energy




Windscale radiation release




Wise-use movement




Wolman, Abel




Wolves




World Fertility Survey




World Health Organization




World Heritage Convention




World Resources Institute




World Summit on Sustainable Development




World Trade Organization




World Wide Fund for Nature




World Wilderness Congresses




Worldwatch Institute




Yellowstone National Park




Yokkaichi, Japan, emissions




Yosemite Valley




Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository




Zahniser, Howard Clinton




Zapovednik system




Zebra mussels




Zoning




Zoos




Bibliography




Biographical Dictionary of Key Figures in Environmentalism




U.S. Federal Laws Concerning the Environment




Environmental Organizations




Time Line




Directory of U.S. National Parks




Major World National Parks and Protected Areas